Desalination & Total Water Management

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Desalination & Total Water Management

THE FUTURE OF DESALINATION & TOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST

By Rolf Richard Keil, Project Development Manager at BESIX Concessions & Assets, March 2018

Today, we need the water supply capacity of more than five times that of Earth, if every human of our
planet would consume the same amount as is being used by residents and industries in the Middle
East.

Desalination of seawater remains to be the most accessible and sustainable upstream source for
potable water production, to feed an integrated total water management system. The Middle East
has been spearheading a technology transition, driving the potable water production industry into
application of new and competitive technologies, such as reverse osmosis.

But we must not rest here…

Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) is the adopted state of the art technology today at an average
recovery rate of 45%, supplying to municipalities. Desalination technologies are bound to be
continuously improved to become even more competitive; innovative solutions such as RED (Reverse
Electro Dialysis) and ceramic membranes are two considerable highlights in this range, reaching
piloting stage already today.

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Representative image, Desalination of seawater, Source: Wikimedia Commons, Labeled for Reuse

Integrated Water Management

Today, less than 10% of water used is being treated to a level that it can be reused for industrial,
agricultural and governmental application, recovering 3% of production into a circular economy.
For many years, Public Private Partnerships (PPP) and BOT models have been adopted by governments
across the region, to cope with the immense capital expenditure and operating skills required to
supply reliable water services to a growing population and economy, diversifying into non-carbon
industrialization.

In recent days, the arrival of renewable and nuclear energy sources has allowed to decouple water
and power production. Decoupling is considered the state of the art for water and power production;
this seems to be true also for the status quo of aspirations for an integrated total water management
system, may it be for a city, a state, a country or a cooperative region.

Now, we have the responsibility to take that action, to connect the silos of water production, manage
allocation for human and industrial use, collection and advanced treatment for dedicated reuse.
Together, based on successful cooperation track record in single projects, both public and private
sector are ready to replicate such successfully integrated models and embed them to their local needs.

The first step is for industrial water consumers to be allocated advanced treated TSE and single source,
allowing a transition period equivalent to PPP project timeline to develop and sustainably avail the
required water quality and quantity for competitive and controlled industrial development.

The second step is aquifer storage of seasonal surplus of advanced treated TSE, i.e. lower irrigation
requirements during winter season, reducing expensive SWRO water to be allocated for such strategic
use.

These two initiators are to come in parallel with the progressive and carefully planned decentralization
of advanced treated TSE station to the vicinity of sewage production and industrial reuse customers to minimize non-revenue transmission losses.

Integration of the total water management in this way needs to come from top and is in line with the
visions devised by the Executive Council of the UAE, as well as individual leadership of the Emirates
and beyond. Taking a closer look, we are not far away from realization today.

Future Opportunities

This is the call to the private sector, to pro-actively participate and implement advanced emerging
technologies contributing to a sustainable upstream and downstream realization of efficiencies,

Reduction of power consumption and conversion of water production process by-products into
valuable products such as biogas, industrial salts and many more offer such opportunities today.

SWRO produces a lot of solid and liquid, partially toxic, waste, which is widely discharged back into
the open sea. This same sea water in the Gulf region, already being challenging to treat efficiently, is
suffering from increasing pollution that is promoting the development of a raw water bio-chemistry
further adversely affecting membrane performance and leading to increases in both, use of chemicals
and replacements.

Water producers are actively looking beyond their traditional set of technologies and find suitable
solutions in neighboring industries, such as F&B and O&G related water process systems. Ceramic
membranes are on the forefront of this development and are earmarked to be the upcoming, real
disruptive ‘game changer’ for the water production industry.

Together, we must develop multiple and sustainable services to create value for our future
generations, whilst incorporating the evolving expectations of end-users and building on strong
partnership with all stakeholders.

Today, not tomorrow, it is our responsibility to act. The time is now!

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