Climate change affects long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns that may be natural, Since the mid-18th century, human activities have been the cause of climate change, mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels with the production of heat. These changes have wide-ranging effects on the environment, such that glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking and the geographical ranges of plants and animals are changing. The global temperature has been increasing for several decades mainly due to the production of greenhouse gases resulting from human activities.On the other hand, the destruction of forests as an indirect consequence of climate change has a more obvious effect than the direct effects of climate change such as high temperature on water quality.Climate change should be considered from a global and regional perspective by scientific diplomacy with an emphasis on water and environmental diplomacy.
Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa means rising temperatures, water stress and scarcity, droughts and changing rainfall patterns and flash floods, increased air pollution, and in the Antarctic and Arctic, melting ice caps are extreme climatic events that lead to increased large-scale migration and the risk of conflict, even war.The Middle East is warming at twice the global average. Oceans play a major role in controlling climate change, and forests and wetlands are responsible for the vast majority of carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. This is despite the fact that nearly 21% of the world's wetlands (an area the size of India) have been lost, and artificial neural networks indicate that critical thresholds for global warming (1.5°C and 2°C before the end of this century) will be crossed by the middle of the 21st century. In addition, the influx of cosmic rays can modulate cloud formation.
The extent of future global warming depends on future levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and human activities. Climate change refers to more than just rising temperatures and includes rising sea levels, changes in climate patterns such as changes in the intensity and frequency of droughts and floods. The five previous great extinctions occurred about 450 million years ago (end of the Ordovician), 350 million years ago (end of the Devonian), 250 million years ago (end of the Permian), 200 million years ago (end of the Triassic), and 66 million years ago (end of the Cretaceous and beginning of the Paleogene). The End-Permian mass extinction about 250 million years ago was the most severe loss of marine and terrestrial life, with about 80% of species becoming extinct.
Climate problems can only be solved by eliminating fossil fuel emissions. Carbon pollution from burning oil and gas (and coal), along with deforestation and unsustainable agriculture, is the cause of the climate crisis. The truly realistic solution to climate change is "deep decarbonization," and the use of renewable energy and crop modification will play an important role in controlling these environmental anomalies.
The Middle East region could warm up to four degrees Celsius by 2050. This is far beyond the 1.5 degrees’ Celsius target set in the 2015 Paris Agreement. To mitigate climate change in these regions, a regional collaborative approach is essential, and sustainable development requires economic diversification. On the other hand, climate change is a global issue, and we suggest that scientific diplomacy in the field of water and the environment can be very effective in overcoming this global crisis. In Iran, due to climate change and drought, we will have water stress by 2025 and a serious water crisis by 2040. Of the 30 million hectares of steppe in the Zagros region of Iran, six million hectares are forests, which provide 40% of the country's water. By improving watershed management and protecting remaining forests and wetlands, it is possible to protect the country's natural resources in order to manage drought and cope with the consequences of climate change. On the other hand, we believe that the retreat of the Caspian Sea is due to climate change caused by the presence of a rift on the seabed, which we predict will lead to major earthquakes on the coasts of Iran in the future.
In our research and studies, we found that two important principles could be the basis for increasing global warming, and we sent this global theory to some experts in cyberspace at the Dubai summit in 2023. 1- Increasing the volume of the Earth (global expansion) 2- Increasing solar radiation and flares. Today, scientists around the world believe that the increase in greenhouse gases is responsible for 5-8% of global warming, of which 8% can be controlled by replacing cement with new materials and eliminating it in the manufacture of building materials.
Our prediction for global climate change by 2050 will be as follows:
1- Increasing the air temperature to 70 to 80 degrees
2- The sinking of most European islands such as Spain, Italy, France, and even Iceland, America, the Philippines, and...
3- The activation of new volcanoes in Europe, such as Italy, and in some countries north and northwest of Iran, such as the Far Eastern coast of Russia.
4- Increase in earthquakes and activation of historical earthquakes in the world
The only solution to prevent this climate change can be based on scientific diplomacy with the interaction of water and the environment, and we, like other scientists in the world, have solutions for it.
Today, we are all witnessing the activation of Icelandic volcanoes and the melting of the ice caps of Antarctica and the North Pole. We believe that in the future, parts of the Icelandic islands will be submerged. As we witness the creation of a great rift in East Africa and the formation of a new ocean on that continent (which is consistent with our global theory of increasing global expansion) Therefore, in the future, these movements of continents will significantly create new continental and oceanic zones, such as the Devonian and Triassic geological periods, which were evidence of an increase in global temperature and an increase in the volume of the lithosphere, and ultimately the extinction of the dinosaurs.
We also have suggestions for improving climate change to the global scientific community:
1. Balancing groundwater and preventing the drilling of unauthorized water wells.
2. Developing and correcting appropriate alternative cultivation patterns, planting native plants in each region and not planting water-intensive plants.
3. Implementation of desertification, watershed management, aquifer management, and artificial nutrition projects
4. Irrigation of plants and trees in the desert using the proposed method, along with filling sinkholes, valleys, and gullies with a mixture of soil and zeolites to control land subsidence.
5. Wetland restoration and river dredging
6. Identifying dust hotspots and increasing planting of seedlings and trees in them.
7. Preventing water evaporation from the surface of rivers, lakes, and dams and removing salinity from brines with the proposed methods.
8. Developing the clean energy industry and using important resources such as solar energy, waves, wind, waste recycling, etc.
9. Increased rainfall and snowfall by causing changes in the evaporation of seas and oceans
10. Elimination of cement in building materials and replacement with new products
11. Control and contain fires in forests and natural resources (we also have solutions for that, which have sometimes been implemented)