IJCRT( ISSN: 2320-2882 ) | UGC Approved Journal

Reclamation of wastewater with contemporary and economical techniques in developing countries: A case study of Ethiopia, East Africa.

Abstract

Sub-Saharan countries are growing at rapid speed in respect of population and industrialization, among them, Ethiopia can be a model. This study has astounding weighing up all consideration of the different types of wastewater complications such as domestic wastewater of major cities of Ethiopia, Universities, textile, coffee processing and irrigational wastewater. Ethiopia is at a budding stage in the management of wastewater treatment process.

The major cities cumulative wastewater generation is 6,19,912 m3/day, out of which less than 10% is treated. Few new conventional treatment systems were implemented in seven Universities by the federal government of Ethiopia but more work as to be done. Agriculture, Textile and coffee industries are the backbone of Ethiopian economy but they also add huge amount pollutants like synthetic organic chemicals, dyes, and organic which is a great challenge to be managed by developing economies.

This paper has focussed on various economical techniques to reuse and recover wastewater, so that can be utilized for other purposes. Total organic carbon was reduced by 84% and 49 % using 10% loaded TiO2-Zeolite Y and pristine TiO2 in textile effluent and using bioremediation media have also shown promising results. Avocado peel carbon (APC) reduced COD and BOD by 98.20% and 99.18%, respectively in the coffee effluent. When coagulation-flocculation and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation process was used to treat coffee effluent, COD was reduced by 67% and 87%, respectively.

Pesticides are absorbed through anthropogenic microspheres; sediments into the water can be treated activated bio-char. These low-cost treatments can improve the life of people.

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