Progressive Deteriortaion of Groundwater Quality in Vrishabhavathi Valley Basin

Research report on groundwater quality

International Journal ofInnovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)

Bangalore, India

Thirty groundwater samples were drawn from the open wells and bore wells which included hand pumps, piped water supplies and mini water supply schemes and were analyzed for twenty physico-chemical parameters including trace metals.The results of the physico-chemical analysis as per study 1 is presented in table 1, which shows the maximum, minimum and average concentrations of critical parameters as per BIS. Table 2 shows the water quality parameters, standards and unit weights and table 3 depicts the water quality index categories. Table 4 clearly depicts the comparison of water quality indices of the(present studywith study 1. The diagrammatic interpretations ofthe results presented in figures2 and 3.

Figure 2 indicates the water quality index contours for the study area while figure 3 depicts the graph showing the variation of waterquality index in the two study periods

Based on the results of physic-chemical analyses results, the water quality index has been calculated forbothstudy1 andthepresentstudyto determinethe suitability for drinkingpurposes.

The most alarming thing that is noticed, is that the average percentage increase in water quality index from study 1 topresentstudyis as highas 93.83%, as indicatedin table4. This clearly shows themassivedeterioration ofwater quality inthestudy span of 8 years, clearly reflecting the unabated and massive increase in the concentration of pollutants from municipal,industrial andagricultural sources.Theresults implythat the groundwater ofall theaffected areas areunfit forhuman consumption and needs elaborate and appropriate treatment for improving its quality. The WQI contours drawn (Fig. 2) gives a very clear picture of the quality of waters in the individual stations of the study areas.

The analysis of groundwater samples based on water quality indices reveal that nearly 67% of the samples are non-potable and it is seen that thisnumber has risen sharply from 50 %non-potability in study 1.This clearly shows that there is a massive deterioration of water quality in the study span of 8 years, clearly reflecting the unabated and huge increase in the concentration of pollutants from municipal, industrial and agricultural sources that have been making theirwayto the groundwaters ofVrishabhavathi valley basin.The results implythat the groundwater ofall the affected areas are completely unfit for human consumption and needs elaborate and appropriate treatment for improving its quality. Strict legislation on industries setting up and operating their effluent treatment plants should been forced mandatorily. Replacement of damaged pipelines andlining of sewer drains is a must.Augmenting the groundwater resources by recharging the ground water aquifer through rain water harvesting and thus reducing the high concentration of chemical parameters is a very importantmeasure. Use of bio fertilizers by farmers instead of chemical fertilizers in agricultural activities is anothervery important control measure. At the community level, thepublicshouldbeinstructedtouseboiledwaterfordrinking,asthestudyareashaveshownconsiderablehardness,mostlyof temporary type. Public awareness programmes should be initiated to create asense of awareness in them to safe guard against theperils of water-borne diseases.

Source: Scribd (Published By IJIRAE)

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• Research
• Water Quality
• Water Supply