Section 4/1: Human-Centered AI: Achieving Reliability, Safety, and Trustworthiness in Automation➡️Professor Ben Shneiderman introduces the H...
Published on by Hossein Ataei Far, Deputy Manager of the Research, Technology Development, and Industry Relations Center at NWWEC
➡️Professor Ben Shneiderman introduces the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) framework, advocating for a balanced approach to technology design that integrates high levels of human control and computer automation. The core idea is that such a balance can significantly enhance human performance, leading to Reliable, Safe, and Trustworthy (RST) systems.
➡️Key Points:
🔄 1. Framework Overview**:
🔹 Traditional automation models often suggest that increasing automation requires reducing human control. In contrast, Shneiderman's HCAI framework promotes a two-dimensional approach, supporting both high human control and high automation.
🔹The objective is to create RST systems that enhance human performance while fostering self-efficacy, creativity, and responsibility.
🔄 2. Critique of One-Dimensional Models**:
🔹Conventional models imply a trade-off between human control and automation, leading to designs where increased automation often diminishes human involvement.
🔹The HCAI framework challenges this notion, showing that it is possible to design systems where both high automation and human control coexist, thereby improving performance and safety.
🔄 3. Design for Reliability, Safety, and Trustworthiness**:
🔹Reliability** involves technical practices such as audit trails and continuous data quality checks.
🔹 Safety** is supported by management strategies that cultivate a safety culture and encourage reporting and learning from failures.
🔹 Trustworthiness** is established through independent oversight by regulatory bodies and standards organizations.
🔄 4. Applications of HCAI**:
🔹 Consequential Systems**: For systems like financial trading algorithms or medical applications, maintaining high human oversight is crucial to avoid errors and adapt to changing contexts.
🔹 Life-Critical Systems**: In high-stakes environments such as aviation or autonomous vehicles, balancing control and automation is essential to prevent disasters and ensure safety.
🔄 5. Avoiding Extremes**:
🔹 Both excessive automation and excessive human control can be harmful. Overly autonomous systems may lack necessary human oversight, while too much human control can lead to errors and inefficiencies.
🔹 Notable failures due to these extremes include the Boeing 737 MAX crashes and Tesla’s Autopilot incidents.
🔄 6. Future Directions**:
🔹 The work promotes iterative design improvements and the integration of feedback to create systems that not only automate effectively but also enhance human control.
🔹 Looking ahead, especially in the context of self-driving cars, the goal is to achieve a balance of high automation with appropriate human oversight to ensure safety and reliability.
Reference:
[1] Shneiderman, B. (2020). Human-centered artificial intelligence: Reliable, safe & trustworthy.
#HumanCenteredAI
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