Part 1 Physical MethodIn Wastewater treatment, common processes include physical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods. They have di...

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Part 1 Physical Method

In Wastewater treatment, common processes include physical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods. They have different usage objects and effect. Today we will first discuss physics method.

The physical method mainly uses physical means to remove suspended solids, floating solids, and some dissolved substances in sewage, without changing the chemical properties of pollutants. Including sedimentation, filtration, air flotation, centrifugal separation, and magnetic separation.
1. Sedimentation method: Utilizing gravity to cause suspended solids with a higher specific gravity in wastewater to sink to the bottom of the tank, thereby achieving solid-liquid separation. The sedimentation tank is the main equipment of the sedimentation method, which is divided into various forms such as horizontal flow, vertical flow, and radial flow, and is suitable for removing inorganic particles and some organic suspended solids.
2. Filtration method: Suspended solids and colloidal substances in wastewater are intercepted through filtration media such as sand filter, activated carbon, etc. The filtration method can not only effectively remove suspended solids (SS), but also adsorb some dissolved organic matter and heavy metal ions. Membrane separation techniques such as reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration are gradually being applied in the field of wastewater treatment, demonstrating higher treatment efficiency and accuracy.
3. Air flotation method: By introducing air or other gases into wastewater, a large number of tiny bubbles are generated, causing suspended particles with a density close to water in the wastewater to adhere to the bubbles and float to the surface, thereby achieving solid-liquid separation. The air flotation method is particularly suitable for the treatment of oily wastewater and light suspended solids.
4. Centrifugal separation method: By utilizing the centrifugal force field, suspended solids in sewage are subjected to centripetal force during high-speed rotation and deposited on the inner wall of the centrifuge drum, thereby achieving solid-liquid separation. Centrifugal separation method can effectively remove small SS, but the equipment cost and operating expenses are relatively high.
5. Magnetic separation method: Using the adsorption effect of magnetic substances, remove magnetic or magnetizable substances (such as rust, heavy metal ions, etc.) that are difficult to remove by conventional methods from wastewater. Magnetic separation method has the advantages of high efficiency, speed, and environmental protection, and is particularly suitable for the treatment of iron containing wastewater.

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