Hybrid treatment systems: a paradigm shift to achieve sustainable wastewater treatment and recycling in India

Published on by in Technology

Here is the link for my policy article on wastewater treatment and recycling in rural, peri-urban, and cities in India.
Here are the main recommendations:
1) Where possible (rural or urban), Natural Treatment Systems (NTSs) preferably CWs, should be used first as they require very low operational energy and annual O&M costs are low.
2) If full-fledged use of NTSs is not possible due to land availability constraints, then Hybrid treatment systems should be used - Hybrid treatment system (HTS) means using mechanized treatment technologies (such as ASP) for BOD removal up to 30 mg/L and for any further BOD removal NTSs such as CWs should be used.
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Here is the link for the full article:

https://rdcu.be/cfquo

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