Estimating the Change in Groundwater Parameters

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I am part of a team trying to investigate the quality of ground water in one of the states in Nigeria via physicochemical and bacteriological parameters' analysis.

During the two main seasons, these parameters may change; so samples are taken separately during the two seasons and in-between, in a year and analyzed.

It is difficult to do this process every year to detect any change in ground water quality to update previous data.

Is there any geological algorithm or application or equipment that can estimate the change in ground water quality in specific and characterized region/area, in the subsequent years, in this case?

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10 Answers

  1. If the source water just rely on rain season, It's should has big difference in hot or dry season. The Indication is the TDS will must increase.

    But if the well is from deep well and the source is one of tunnel water from forest's mountain water, the quallity will not so different at between of to season.

  2. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135417302233

    The above link is informative in this regard,particularly in the case of shallow groundwater sources that are commonly used as drink water sources,and liable to microbial contaminants,which is a main problem.

    Chemistry may not change much,if protected reasonably from surface water flows

  3. Groundwater is not usually static but flows through the rock. The ease with which water can flow through a rock mass depends on a combination of the size of the pores and the degree to which they are inter-connected.

    Ground water is less susceptible to bacterial pollution than surface water because the soil and rocks through which ground water flows screen out most of the bacteria. Bacteria, however, occasionally find their way into ground water, sometimes in dangerously high concentrations. But freedom from bacterial pollution alone does not mean that the water is fit to drink. Many unseen dissolved mineral and organic constituents are present in ground water in various concentrations. Most are harmless or even beneficial; though occurring infrequently, others are harmful, and a few may be highly toxic.

    Ground water, especially if the water is acidic, in many places contains excessive amounts of iron. Iron causes reddish stains on plumbing fixtures and clothing. Like hardness, excessive iron content can be reduced by treatment.

    In recent years, the growth of industry, technology, population, and water use has increased the stress upon both our land and water resources. Locally, the quality of ground water has been degraded. Municipal and industrial wastes and chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides not properly contained have entered the soil, infiltrated some aquifers, and degraded the ground-water quality. Other pollution problems include sewer leakage, faulty septic-tank operation, and landfill leachates. In some coastal areas, intensive pumping of fresh ground water has caused salt water to intrude into fresh-water aquifers.

     

  4. Dear Justin,

     

    Luckily the US Geolical Survey (USGS) has made fascinating work related to models in hydro geochemistry. Also, the literature gives ample references about the modelisation of complex ground water systems and the simulation of water quality fluctuations.

    You may want  to look up the free calculators developed by the USGS, in particular "phreeqc". https://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled/phreeqc/

    Various instituions and companies have developed powerfull software that run on the phreeqc or proprietary calculators. Some are free.

    Exemples

    http://www.aqion.de/

    https://www.gwb.com/tutorials.php

    https://vminteq.lwr.kth.se/

    So there are plenty of resources out there. Trust you will find a solution for your great project.

    Please keep us posted about your progress.

    Kind regards

  5. We can provide field devises sensors and SCADA software for onlinw real time monitoring and even control software platform and solution to record the quality and quantity of groud water and keeping mutiple year rexords on cloud based data centers .

     

    Please connect with undersigned on 0091-7028051966 or www.pugmarkinfra.com   We are INDIA based organization .

    J V RAO

    Managing Director

    pugmark infraprojects pvt ltd 

  6. There are a number of sensors available that can detect a suite of different parameters (and combinations thereof - pH, O2, Conductivity, Salinity, etc.). Further, many companies provide several telemetry options based on the frequency requirements of both the measurements and the site visits. Part of the decision would be looking at what level of accuracy you require for the data. For easy to use and relatively good accuracy for example, http://www.onsetcomp.com/products.

  7. It is site specific. If it is a protected aquifer then there should not be much change. If the groundwater is under the influence of surface water it will change, for example relating to rainfall. If you see turbidity changes, ammonia nitrogen, virus, coliforms, or algae,  it is likely under the influence of surface water. In that case you should treat it as if it were a surface water.

  8. Hallo Justin 

    there are a lot of equipements which measures online different chemical parameters (pH, oxygen, conductivity, temperature, size of particles, turbidity, disolved organic maters, uv-Extension 254nm) and since 2016 a online bacteria analyzer is avilable (www.metanor.com).

    Data can be transmitted by different methods, or saved.

    sincerely 

    ueli bosshart

     

  9. Hi Justin , 

     

    No magic algorithm I know of 

    You could log conductivity and level to give a simple measure of water quality over time .

    You could use a simple 3G telemetry system like the YDOC to send data via SMS and save $ on long expensive field trips .

    For  parameters water quality sondes could be used on critical sites to profile the water table .  Bacteriological samples would still need to be take s

     

  10. Bonjour 

    Bien sur que non il n'existe aucun appareil pour ce genre de prévisionnel.

    En effet chaque appareil devra être programmé pour rechercher telle ou telle caractéristique

    Ensuite une eau peut être contaminée par n'importe quel processus naturel comme par exemple une ramification souterraine polluée ou un accident 

    Le coût financier serait trop important pour un résultat aléatoire

    Hello of course not there is no device for this kind of research.

    Indeed each unit must be programmed to search for this or that feature

    Then pure water can be contaminated by any natural process like for example a polluted underground branching or accident the financial cost would be too big for a random result