Reduction of Pollutant Parameters in Dairy farm Wastewater

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How to reduce the pollutant parameters in dairy farm wastewater, especially COD, BOD & TSS?

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16 Answers

  1. Dear Dorna,

    Usually dairy farms have enough area to use lagoos to treat the wastewater in a biologic natural treatment. Then, the simplest way is use the the correct design, constructions and operation of lagoons.

    Sometimes this lagoos can generate odor and you could need add a bioreactor as a biocleaner to treat the wastewater till the needed removal level needed.

    Regards,

    Orlando D. Gutiérrez Coronado

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

  3. Sorry, I didn't read the word Dairy Farm and read Dairy.  Dairy Farm waste can be treated using reed beds although it would be best to receive any washdown water from the dairy likely to contain milk to go to a tank, small pond or similar where air is bubbled through it before flowing to the reed beds.

    Answered on by

    1 Comment

    1. Hi Don, its mostly cow dung and cow urine.  back in the day, cow dung was dried and used as a fuel.  But with these CAFO units, some of these farms can have a bod load and nutrient load equivalent to a small city.  its mostly sludgy.  

  4. On an academic basis, most of these scrape farms in dairies have very high ammonia, usually in the 6000 to 9000 ppm range.  this of course is not easy to treat biologically.   But with the right kind of geobacters, you can get rid of the ammonia.  and treat biologically till water is reusable to washing or even raising fish.   

    With a Biocleaner and  ponds and fish , you can eliminate odor, sludge, BOD, COD, TSS, tn , tp and ammonia, All with minimal power cost.  

     

  6. The quantity of organic substances is normally determined in the form of.

    1. Biological oxygen demand (BOD).
    2. Chemical oxygen demand (COD).
    3. Calcining loss.
    4. Total organic carbon (TOC)

    Dairy Pollutants divided into three categories.

    1. Cooling water
    2. Sanitary waste water
    3. Industrial waste water

    Dairy factory wastes probably contain little soluble colour, although after various forms of treatment true colour may result.. The concept of turbidity is closely related to this phenomenon. Milk wastes contain significant quantities of material that will result in turbidity of discharges.

    Milk powder and butter plants tend to have a strongly alkaline wastewater while the production of lactic acid in the wastewater from cheese, casein and whey plants makes the wastewater from these plants acidic.

    Waste minimisation Waste minimization is the:

     1 Reduction in the generation of waste.

     2 Reuse of waste materials/by-products.

    3 Recycling of waste materials.

     

    WASTEWATER TREATMENT

    Dairy processing wastewaters contain substantial quantities of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. If excessive concentrations of these enter waterways, oxygen depletion and plant growth in the waterways may reach nuisance proportions. The manufacturing dairy industry uses two main methods of treating wastewater:

    Biological treatment in extended aeration systems and by spray irrigation to pasture.

    1. Pre-treatment- Pre-treatment in the dairy industry for many years meant some form of dampening flow, pH or organic load variations and a rudimentary fat/solids tank.
    2. Land treatment-Land treatment systems are used extensively used. Use the soil as a biological medium to treat the components of the applied wastewater and hence they need to be designed to the appropriate criteria to ensure efficient operation. When wastewater is applied to pasture, soil microorganisms convert the organic matter present to carbon dioxide and water. During this process, biological slimes and additional bacteria are produced. On fine textured soils the production of slimes etc. can inhibit the movement of liquid through soil pores and lead to undesirable effects such as ponding. Dairy factory wastewaters can contain high concentrations of BOD5 primarily due to their lactose, fat and protein content.
    3. Nutrient Loading (a) Nitrogen When wastewaters are applied to soils, microorganisms mineralize organic forms of nitrogen. Organic nitrogen is converted to the ammonium and then nitrate forms which can be directly utilized by plants. Nitrate can also be lost to the atmosphere by the process of de nitrification, or can leach to the groundwater.
    4. Phosphorus- Phosphorus leaching at wastewater irrigation sites is not usually a problem in most soils because either the phosphorus loading on the soil is limited by the type of wastewater irrigated or the processes that immobilize phosphorus in soils are very active. Phosphates can be fixed by silicate clays, take part in anion exchange reactions, incorporated into organic matter and precipitated by iron, aluminium, manganese and calcium salts. Phosphorus is therefore generally retained in the soil profile.

    Biological treatment

    The dairy industry uses aerobic or anaerobic treatment, or a combination of both, to treat the wastewater. Aerobic systems require an energy source to provide the oxygen required to assimilate the organic matter in the wastewater and hence are more suited to low to moderate strength wastewaters, since the higher the organic content the greater the oxygen demand and the greater the costs. Anaerobic systems have been developed for their ability to treat high strength wastes and the utilization of the methane gas.

    Aerobic systems

    In aerobic treatment systems, bacteria, in the presence of oxygen, convert the organic components of the waste to carbon dioxide,water and bacterial biomass. All aerobic treatment systems have the potential to cause odours if operated incorrectly.

    Anaerobic treatment

     Considerable experimental work has been undertaken on the anaerobic digestion of whey from casein and cheese plants. Various forms of high rate anaerobic digestion systems have been investigated with whey. However, few anaerobic systems treating whey have been installed, despite such systems being operationally viable and the value of methane produced from these systems as the industry values the components of the whey more highly.

    Nutrient removal

     Dairy factory wastewaters contain substantial quantities of the plant nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. If excessive concentrations of these enter waterways then they will promote the growth of plants in the waterways. Eventually these may grow to nuisance proportions. Wastewaters from dairy manufacturing are usually treated in either extended aeration activated sludge plants and discharged to suitable waterways, or are irrigated onto land after primary treatment. Activated sludge systems can remove some of the nitrogen and phosphorus in the waste sludge because these same nutrients are also required for bacterial growth. However, overall removals will, in some cases, be insufficient to meet environmental demands. Under these circumstances an alternative form of treatment or an add-on to the existing treatment will be required to meet discharge requirements.

  7. There is a lot here to agree with.  The starting point is your discharge consent.  If you are producing a salted cheese process, then this is more difficult to recycle.  If you have a membrane process, then with an additional set of membranes then this water can be reused with treatment reducing volumes.  Any fats should be removed using a DAF plant.  Thereafter, the water may be treated using an aeration system.  I  prefer activated sludge using fine bubble aeration, which provides more consistent results than other systems.  In theory anaerobic digestion (AD) could be used instead, but you still have to get rid of ammonia and phosphate after the process.  Also AD is more difficult to control and you will end up having to feed it with product and or other material such as straw and manure along with cattle stomachs to keep it alive.  The methane produced is dirty and will frequently contain sulphides which is corrosive.  The promise is often better than the reality.

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  8. First check what you need to achieve as discharge requirements. This will determine your treatment design. If requirements are not stringent , an UASB anaerobic reactor will reduce some 80% of the incoming COD with very small sludge production.

    KR Marc

  9. A biological process followed by adsorption combined with oxidation to tackle the lower recalcitrant COD, dependant on the ​effluent ​quality ​requirement. 

    Take a look at Arvia's Nyex Treatment Systems for the final polishing step.

    http://www.arviatechnology.com/our-solution/

  11. what is COD/BOD/TSS/OIL & GREASE ? we can suggest biological treatment using bioculture 

     

  12. Hi Donna,

    Dairy wastewater contents 2000 to 2500 mg/ lit of cod and 1000 to 1200 mg/ lit of BOD

    its totally biodegradable wastewater. We can treat it up to recycle level through different treatment methods like anaerobic and aerobic treatment, filtration and disinfection.

    we are India based company and we are working in Water and wastewater treatment. We are providing services to big Jaints of Dairy industry like Gokul Dairy. We are supplying projects and Services overseas too. For details have a look our website www.aquacaresee.co.in as well as mail me your requirement details on datta. yerudkar@aquacaresee.com 

    Thanks & Regards,

    Datta Yerudkar

    Aquacare Solution Enviro Engineers 

  13. Simply start a google search will help you to get a correct answer.

    You need a jar test for DAF pretreatment, and then follow a biological process: depends on the effluent quality requirement, select either aerobic or anaerobic process to achieve the target.

  14. Have you considered eliminating all of your waste. Using  a modern day biodigester with RNA microbial groups will breakdown 100% of the organic matter into their elemental form.  You are left with potable water and some minerals for any use. Suggest add to cow feed. Their immune system will thank you.  No chemicals at all. 100% natural microbes. Depending on the density of waste and volume anywhere from 3 cents per 1,000 gallons to thick mass of 1 cent per 100 gallons.  Using nature to do what she is already doing is always less expensive. We just need to put it where it can do the most good.

  15. Start a pre treatment process and make a sedimentation tank to deposed the sludge waste to filter press and pre treatment supernet water will go throght areation process and recycle the active bacteria to areation and areation outlet supernet water check the secondary outlet water u can get a good result