Looking for definitions for various topics related to environmental governance

Question

As part of working on subject of environmental governance, I came across these terms, globalization, decentralization, market and individual incentives-based governance, and cross-scale governance. The source gave me a rather lengthy discussions but what I am looking for is some simple definitions. During my search, I was not able find any thing. Maybe someone could help. Also, are these terms really that important to be part of the discussion. Do these terms help define what environmental governance is? Please explain. Thanks for your help.
Peter

AK Shyam · Answer

There are many while you browse the net.  However, the current major topics challenging Environmental Governance are :
Climate Change: T he recent Conference of Parties (COP) mandated 'Carbon Neutral' approach to address the climate change and reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.  Every country needs to formulate regulations accordingly.
Decarbonization:  Decarbonization again is related to the way current power generation is with fossil fuels.  However, renewables seem to be an option towards reducing the power generation through fossil fuels.  Many countries have laid emphasis on renewables (Solar and Wind) through amended regulations.
Water Conservation:   Water being a precious commodity for human survival and that it is becoming crucial for its conservation, many countries are mandating water conservation more seriously now than before.  Again, the recent floods and drought have been attributed to climate change.

PARITOSH TYAGI · Answer

Definitions will be found where a term originated. However, some simple descriptions may help understanding a term. I shall attempt to state such descriptions. 
Globalisation   is conceiving or implementing a process that shall extend across all political boundaries. "Think globally, act locally" is a theme popularised by UNEP.
Decentralisation   is development of systems that combat a problem near its source.  For example, in the arrangement for treating sewage, decentralisation will mean a sewage treatment plant for a housing estate.
Cross-level approach  is an attempt to deal with the issues related to a problem strategically to overcome the complexity associated with the problem.

Claudia Viegas · Answer

Dear Peter
I think you will have answers searching for the work of Elinor Östrom (on governance of the commons).
Also, you would look for the papers of Claudia Pahl-Wostl (https://www.geographie.uni-osnabrueck.de/personen/mitglieder_des_instituts/profs/pahl_wostl_claudia_prof_dr.html)
There are many researchers with interdisciplinary focus (mainly on Geography) that could help you.
Best regards,
Claudia.

Taxonomy