Water utilization

Question

During water scarcity especially in summers, as an individual household , what are the most effective and efficient way/techniques to treat or reuse water?

João Castro · Answer

We should definitely use filtering membranes. For flow rates of 50 GPD, 75 GPD, 100 GPD, 125 GPD, 300 GPD, 400 GPD, and 500 GPD these membranes are more than adequate. They are, in reality, small household filters used to meet this type of demand since the exchange of the filter element is very easy. For larger flows, I believe that the international market already has an adequate solution.

Frank Choi · Answer

Water scarcity can be happened every year and this is not for a family,, all the community, building, hotel, school and housing complex will be suffered from shortage of water..
Therefore, we recommend to install small capacity of dispersed water treatment plant ,, we  supply water treatment plant for river, reservoir, lake and stream to drinkable water by Plasma and nanobubble.   Please see  http://www.bbnworld.net/water/nanohydro_water.pdf
Frank Choi/bbn@bbnworld.com

Alfred Lipshultz · Answer

Good Morning Geeta,
There are three serious considerations concerning reuse water during water shortages.
A)  Understand the difference between gray water (bathing) and black water (toilet, sewer).   Gray water may be utilized under specific conditions including as follows.
B)  Water shortage due to drought conditions causes  a "tea kettle" effect resulting in concentration of inorganics and organics.  For example, when boiling off half a litre of water with 500 ppm TDS, doubles the TDS value 1000 ppm.  Elevated mineral content will be harmful to appliances, hot water heaters.  Higher concentrations are harmful to plants and grasses.    Phytoremediation is  the process of plants taking up inorganics and organics.  Elevated organics i.e. chemicals, pesticides, PFAS included.   It's important to know the organics before using on vegetable gardens.
C)  Prolonged droughts often result in salt water intrusion in sea shore areas and can have widened lens several miles inland.  Depending on elevated concentrations of salts, short periods of bathing are possible.  Not for plants and grasses.
There is much information on the internet about people living off grid and successfully utilizing gray water.  I respectfully recommend to research their personal experiences.
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Martin P. Pelle · Answer

Not sure for what purpose you are asking this: city applications or rural applications, developed areas or developing areas to help them become self-reliant.
We did several fruitful projects in rural areas of Sri Lanka with internationally known foundation http://lankarainwater.org/wp/?page_id=364. Check out their website for links, ways to calculate how large your catchment area should be versus climatic data (dry/wet season) versus size of the (cheap) tank and efficient first flush to prevent dirt coming into the (above or underground) tank  AND prevent mosquitos to infest the water (Dengue/malaria). AS another application of the water you could consider gardening high added value crops.
Sri Lanka has a more than 3000 years (also Royal) history of the early Kings to invest in catchment of rainwater, and using that for agriculture. SO they do know one or two things.
 
Good luck

Randy Fuller · Answer

I agree with comments below, Look around your house and determine those activities that require water. In low water availability areas things like zero scaping. Eliminating grass and outdoor plants, do not wash vehicles, Bath on a schedule and timed.  collect rain water in areas that this is legal. use water conservative toilets, There are water conserving faucets and appliances also. There are things that can be done without money like placing a brick into the tank on a toilet to not allow for as much water consumption. Don't let water run. Honestly these things should be done even when water is not scarce. It is our responsibility to conserve and protect these resources.

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