Flood and Water Management

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Can a dam control both flood and drought, especially for farmers? 

Farmers from my community suffer from these two extremes.

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38 Answers

  1. The proposed set of inventions makes it possible to radically revise the principle of water conservation in the summer and exclude flooding of vast areas in front of hydroelectric power plants.The new technique can deepen the bottom of the slopes along the entire length to an immense depth and save water of considerable volumes.We need experimental design and research work.I invite to cooperation.

    Предлагаемый комплекс изобретений дает возможность в корне пересмотреть принцип сохранения воды в летний период и исключить затопление обширных территорий  перед гидроэлектростанциями. Новая техника может углублять дно плесов по всей длине на необъятную глубину и сохранить воды значительных объемов. Нужны опытно-конструкторские и научно-исследовательские работы. Приглашаю к сотрудничеству.

  2. Problems with floods in Kazakhstan, and throughout the world are growing every year.

                   You can not enter into the same river twice. The rivers continuously raise the level of bottom sediments. The movement of water blurs the shore in its endless current, but most of the bottom melts during floods, when water washes into the river everything that lies on the coastal territories - loose soil, sand, clay, various objects and debris. These accumulations most of all gather below the settlements, forming underwater dams, impassable for ships and floods in the next season.

          The outflow of water from the coast occurs, mainly, in such places. They are invisible from the land, but the capacity of rivers decreases within and below towns and cities along the current. Therefore, in floods and heavy precipitation, water emerges from the banks, destructive floods occur.

           The existing technologies of dredging are based on excavation, bulldozer cleaning, suction and dredging with known technology with pollution of coastal areas and, incredibly, with great financial and material costs. Modern dredgers with a capacity of 100 - 800 kW, as well as their lease are not available to every coastal economy. Giant monsters on the river consume rivers of fuel, most of which goes to confront the river, for example: [1]

     

    The great Austrian hydraulic engineer Victor Schauberger once wrote that rivers can self-clean.

           Indeed, this is possible if the bottom of the rivers is formed in such a way as to give the flow of water a spiral motion. In fact, the natural movement of water in the river tends to such a form of flow - meandering - a gradual and continuous alternate washing of river banks. In this case, rather large bends of the river are obtained, constantly increasing the total width of the floodplain. The consequence of the expansion are the collapse of the coast, the agricultural areas are being cut, houses and buildings are being destroyed.

            Developments have been developed that use the forces of the river to form the river bed and river bed, within specified limits, with specified depths for passing ships, with straightening bends, and controlling water flow. There are possibilities of influencing meandering processes by the simplest means. Manufacture and operation of such facilities are available to small coastal farms that suffer from floods, collapse of shores, shallowing of fairways.

            Work to deepen the rolls should be started during and immediately after floods - with strong water movements to prevent floods next year. In the low period, in the summer, the effectiveness of such work is reduced because the water flows in the rivers are decreasing, and some rivers are completely dry.

            The proposed method of influencing bottom sediments by the current itself is based on the constraint and control of part of the stream to influence bottom sediments. Devices change and concentrate river flows, without requiring any third-party energy at all. The technological process is carried out by concentrating and directing a part of the stream to the preselected places of the channel, creating erosion and deposition zones of bottom sediments. Depending on the parameters of the river, the devices are controlled from the shore by cables or supplemented with mobile transport means. Structurally, the devices depend on the thickness of the streams, the width and depth of the river. Tests of individual elements of micromodels of the proposed device on small rivers and trays were conducted, which showed the result.

    New facilities can affect the bottom and banks without using energy sources for the main process. Only for moving against the current and controlling the organs of orientation. Passive devices made of shields, reinforced and controlled by cable-block systems from the shore or anchor. The designs of such devices are developed for each type of water body. From any small rivulets, which provide cleanliness from deposits of mud, debris, to the great rivers, such as the Irtysh, the Urals, the Mississippi and the Amazon, which need fairways for navigation. Both measures are needed to preserve the banks from erosion.

    The same problem occurs in the deltas of rivers when they flow into lakes and seas. Gradual sedimentation of the channels and the delta duct lifts their bottom, raising the water level. Shipping dies off, new channels appear, new areas are flooded and swamped, water is spent on impregnating new areas and evaporation. All this ultimately leads to the fact that the lakes dry up, for example, the Aral Sea. On the turn Balkhash.

             The proposed devices can save water from spreading and fumes, narrow deltas, restore shipping. Created inventions

    1. Eurasian patent: № 18312 of July 30, 2013 Author: Khalidullin Oleg Khanyshevich. http://easpatents.com/6-18733-sposob-razrabotki-mestorozhdeniya-i-obrabotoki-morskih-donnyh-otlozhenijj.html

     

    http://kzpatents.com/6-ip29623-sposob-ochistki-ot-nanosov-i-uglubleniya-rusel-rek-i-ustrojjstvo-dlya-ego-osushhestvleniya.html :

    2. The method of sediment cleaning and deepening of river beds and the device for its implementation: US Patent No. 87062 https://e.mail.ru/attachment/15175189190000000234/0;

    Authors: Khalidullin Oleg Khanyshevich, Salnikov Vitaliy Grigoryevich, Duskaev Kasim Koyanbaevich.

    3.The way to prevent flooding and water flow management in the flood period and the device for its implementation № 26962 of  May 15, 2013 Author: Khalidullin Oleg Khanysevich

    4. Method and device for deepening riverbeds and their cleaning from sediments. US 9,650,751 B2. patentsgazette.uspto.gov/...3/US09650751-20170516.htmlVladimir Grigorievich Salnikov, Almaty (KZ); Oleg halidullinstaging.patentbuddy.com/PatentBuddy/Patent/9650751 https://www.google.com/search?q=9650751+B2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8

     Designing and testing are required to test and demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method in full river conditions. The first experience on a natural object can start a widespread deepening of the rifts on all rivers, where floods occur and warn them in the next high water. It is interesting that the development of the idea of ​​self-cleaning the river led to a revolutionary direction in the development of new technologies underwater. Opens a new era of hydraulic engineering. This device is mobile moving for work under water:

    5. Patent RK 32640 dated 19.09.2016. DEVICE FOR UNDERWATER HYDROTECHNICAL WORKS. Khalidullin O. Kh., Nurushev M.Zh., Kerimbai B., Zh., Kadyrov Zh.N.

    The new type of hydraulic engineering works according to this invention is the most effective. Underwater universal machine (PUM) for work under water using the movement of water. The movement of water can be a natural flow of the river or artificial - created by a propeller, which allows you to work in ponds with standing water.

     The new machine can stand firmly on the bottom. Stability at the bottom is provided by the weight of the side plates, the power plant, the filling of the float device with water. The change in buoyancy, sail and propeller ensure its free movement under the water and on the surface of the water. There is the possibility of supplementing it with serial devices for carrying out any known hydraulic engineering works: searching for and lifting sunken objects, mowing vegetation, using dredges, cutting off surface and underwater branches and tree trunks, washing and raising of dung and drowned objects. The need for energy is reduced by orders of magnitude than that of the known machines, because the flow of water is used to perform basic technological work. Disappears the need to resist the flow of the river.

     The most valuable and unique is the emergence of new technological opportunities for work under water. For example, the creation of an underwater enrichment process or the washing of bottom sediments, which creates unprecedented productivity and a reduction in the cost of gold mining.

    At present, all river transport enterprises have reduced the volumes of traffic along the Ertis and Zhaiyk rivers, and the transportation on the Ili River has practically ceased. Using the new device will deepen the fairways and restore river navigation.

    But the most dangerous not only in Kazakhstan, but also on the rivers of the whole world are floods. Almost every spring, many rivers and streams of  Kazakhstan come out of the shores and destroy roads and structures. The management and concentration of streams create absolutely new opportunities not only for deepening the rolling stock, but also for the formation of riverbeds.

     The PUM has many directions, including can be used as a research and tourist vehicle by selecting the right mechanisms.

     Two vertical, parallel installed walls defined dimensions, connected together by a rigid frame, with several compartments and mechanisms, with a float device become the basis of an entirely new self-propelled autonomous front gayuschegosya on the bottom of a river or pond with pond surfacing. Depending on the required depth of immersion, the control compartments, the power plant and the float device can be provided with ventilation ducts with floating means located on the surface of the reservoir. If it is necessary to work at considerable depth, it is ensured by the known devices of autonomous life support of underwater vehicles.

    The control of the device completely immersed on the bottom is made from the cab with transparent windows. Float cavity filling the air regulates buoyancy from zero - reliable standing on the bottom - until it completely floats to the surface of the water. The control system contains wings for stabilizing the set position on the bottom and controlling when moving afloat.

     

     Movement under water, along the water in all directions is provided by a propeller, connected to a power plant located in one of the compartments. PUM can stand in a given place for a given time, performing the specified tasks for any flow of water in the river or waves in the ocean. Can perform all the known underwater work. With the weight of the corresponding stock For example, a dredger can clean the bottom, drain marshes, excavations, lakes, wash shores, remove mud and vegetation, extract sand and other nonmetallic and ore materials. Grapple, manipulator can lift sunken single items, for example, metal structures, recessed trees. There is an opportunity to study the bottom, repair submarine structures and communications. Even more effective is the use of its basis for completely new technologies for the extraction and enrichment of useful bottom sediments, for example, gold. The use of a propeller in the reverse mode will allow all these works to be carried out in water bodies with immobile water - transparency or visibility in the flow of clean water is provided.

     The main difference of this device is the use of water movement, as the main working tool, which reduces the need for energy to zero. This is especially important for profiling the bottom and river banks. The device can concentrate or constrict the streams in order to influence the bottom, forming wash and wash zones. The concentration of such zones along the specified trajectories can change the profile of the bottom of the rivers. To do this, controlled movement of the device in the flow of the river along its entire flow with the orientation of the flow and with variable buoyancy.

    Standing vertically mounted walls parallel to the river, in the place for deepening, the device restricts the flow and directs it to the erosion zone before performing the specified works. After this, when it is raised by replacing the water with air in the float device and / or changing the position of the wings, it is shifted downward and again pressed to the bottom, releasing air. It is possible to increase the flow and move downward by stopping and reversing the propeller.

     Depending on the parameters and properties of the river, there may be many devices. If the goal is to clean the rivers and deepen the bottom, then the devices can be equipped with a complex of various tools and adaptations. For deep-sea rivers, the device should be provided with blades, wings and guides that provide a strictly directed orientation relative to the current and use its forces to change the river bed. Additional tools are available to destroy hard deposits, shear or lift stones, metal, etc. recessed material. On shallow rivers, you can add devices for sawing trunks and branches, both under water and over water.  A lifting mechanism for removing debris.

     

    It is necessary to promote the invention, to carry out research and design work, to create in metal., to create in metal. Its effect is so huge that it is impossible to calculate. Especially, if on its basis to create new technologies of underwater works for extraction, enrichment and processing of bottom sediments.

      There are further developments in the development of the direction. The dredgers offered on the market are morally obsolete:

    • Devices mounted on pontoons require an increase in the buoyancy of the pontoon. • Increasing buoyancy leads to increased sailing

     • A rise in sail requires increasing the propeller's power to withstand the current

    • Constant fighting with the current requires energy as much as the work process itself

     • To stand still and work on the bottom requires a powerful anchoring device.

    • All this requires energy and not small.

    The proposed underwater universal machine (PUM) or device for underwater hydraulic engineering has its own power unit for driving under water in any direction, forcing air to change buoyancy, drive for executive orientation mechanisms and working bodies

    1. on orders reduces metal consumption and power-to-weight ratio. The more weight or less the buoyancy, the stronger it is at the bottom.

     2. The current of the river is used for movement, orientation and impact on the bottom.

    3. By changing the position of the wings, we regulate the movement and orientation along the current.

    4. The change in buoyancy ensures movement to the water surface and movement in any direction.

    5. Hitching equipment for any known underwater work. The possibility of creating new technologies and production under water, for example:

     • the possibility of active impact on the bottom and the formation of its profile

    • study, study of underwater landscapes and structures,

    • repair and construction of underwater structures,

     • search and lifting of sunken items and materials,

     • processing and sorting of bottom sediments,

     • development of useful materials, eg gold without lifting to the surface of ore

     

    [1] http://www.beyer-russland.ru/-zemsnaryady  

    Applications:

     

     Description Patent:                MSC E02B 3 / 02E02B 15/00

     DEVICE FOR UNDERWATER HYDROTECHNICAL WORKS

     

    The invention relates to objects for hydraulic engineering construction, namely, to devices for deepening the bottom and cleaning from sediment of river beds and can be used for cleaning rivers and canals.

    A method is known deepening and straightening of the river perekata according to A.S. The USSR № 256646, МПКЕ02В 3/02, publ. in BI No. 34, 1969. Bottom sediments during operationThe building is not removed from the river, but is only carried by the current and settles on the bottom of the river downstream.

    A method of cleaning, deepening and straightening of the river bed is described in Pat. RF No. 2086729, IPC E02B 3/02, publ. in the BI on 08/10/1997. In accordance with this technical solution, the mud is not removed from the river, but is agitated, transported from place to place and back to the river. Do not remove and large bottom sediments. A method for cleaning channels of small rivers according to Pat. RF № 2219305, MPK E02B3 / 02, E02B 15/00, publ. in the BI 20.12.2003. This technical solution is difficult and time-consuming. To implement it, large additional logistical and labor resources are required. A method is known for cleaning river beds from sediments according to Pat. RF No. 2256023, IPC E02B 3/02, E02B 15/00, publ. in the BI 10.07.2005. The drawbacks of this method include the need for preliminary drying (shoaling) of the river bed, which adversely affects the ecosystem of the region, as well as the fact that the energy of the moving water flow is not used. A method for cleaning river beds from sediments according to Pat. RF No. 2318951, IPC E02B 3/02, publ. in the BI 10.03.2008. The drawbacks of the method include the need for repeated use of movements of transport mechanisms. A method and a device for cleaning up sediment from channels of rivers and canals according to Pat. RF 2415993, IPC E02B 3/02, publ. in the BI 10.04.2011. In the process of producing the work on this method, it is not possible to simultaneously collect the stone for its subsequent use. The presence of large inclusions in these deposits can lead to blunting and deterioration of the cutting elements and a decrease in the efficiency of the cutting mechanism as a whole. A method of hydraulic flushing of the bed and a device for its implementation according to Pat. RF 2474642, IPC E02B 3/02, E02B 8/02, publ. in the BI 10.02.20131. Because of the accumulation in front of the device of alluvial masses, it becomes necessary to suspend the operation of the device and remove the deposited bottom sediments. A method for cleaning and deepening river beds from bottom sediments and a device for its implementation according to Innovats.pat. RK No. 22367, IPC E02B 3/02, E02B 15/00, publ. in BI No. 3, 2010. The disadvantage of the method is the complexity of its implementation and the insufficient use of the flow rate of the river. The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a device for cleaning up sediments and deepening river beds by Innov.Pat.RK No. 29623, IPC E02B 3/02, E02B 15/00, publ.v B3 №3, 2015, which has in the composition connected to the float limited by the side walls and the bottom of the float water-resistant device. As part of the device there is also a device for regulating the depth of immersion correction and creating a pulsating speed and flow rate inside the water-flow device. This device is the closest in the technical essence to the proposed one and is accepted for the prototype. The known device has drawbacks. It is technically difficult and unproductive to move the device along the channel river. The created flow-pulsating flow and speed is not intensified enough and it does not allow for efficient and thorough cleaning of river and channel channels. The device is limited in its functionality. The technical result of using the proposed device is to expand the functionality, intensify the movement of the cleaning channel of rivers and flow channels, and also in the possibility of mobile relocation of the device. This technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the device for underwater hydraulic engineering works, which has a water-resistant device connected to the float and bounded by the side walls and bottom of the float, and t As well as a device for regulating the float's immersion depth and creating a pulsating flow rate and flow rate inside the water-flow device, the float is vertically movable along the sidewalls of the water-resistant device with fixation of the immersion level, the side walls along the edges are additionally equipped with telescopic anchors, In addition, it is equipped with an operator's cabin located in the front part with a life support system under water and placed at the opposite end of the cab, with a rotary propeller with two fixed mutually opposite positions of the blades relative to the cab. The invention is further illustrated, where FIG. 1 shows the proposed device in the transport position; Fig. 2 - it is the same during the cleaning of river beds and canals; FIG. 3 is a top view of the device; FIG. 4 shows a front view of the device. The device has a float 1 and a water-resistant device, the working space of which is limited by vertical sidewalls 2 and the inclined bottom 3 of the float. The float 1 can be moved in the vertical plane along the side stacks 2 as along the guides. Any intermediate vertical level of the float can be fixed. The side walls 2 at the edges are equipped with retractable telescopic heightsngami - anchors 4. The device is additionally equipped with an operator located in the front of the cab. Cabin 5 has a life support system for the operator with a long time in the cabin under water. The cabin has transparent walls. On the opposite end of the car, the device is additionally equipped with a rigidly connected rotary propeller 6. The screw has two fixed positions of the blades mutually opposite to the cockpit (as in Figures 1 and 2). The device has rotary wings 7, and for carrying out additional hydrotechnical works, such as searching for and lifting drowning bodies or objects, mowing the reeds growing on the bottom, absorbing bottom sediments with further transportation ashore or cargo shaland, it is equipped with a nab rum working and handling ustroystv.Podom-dropping of the float along the guide 1 - 2 is sidewalls program-controlled float alternately filled compartments and (or) oriented air or seawater, which is provided for the air intake, its production, filling the compartments with water, release of their water and other necessary actions to regulate the depth of immersion of the float (section of the float, the intake and discharge devices of air and water in FIG. not shown). The arrows in FIG. 1 show the possible movements of the float along the walls and the device as a whole. The device operates as follows. The device moves along the river bed and is quickly delivered to the desired location (FIG. 1). By adjusting the air outlet in the compartments and filling them with water, the desired level of float immersion is achieved. If necessary, pull out the anchor arms 4 before plunging them into the bottom). Stabilize the device along the longitudinal axis along the flow by changing the angle of attack of the rotary wings 7 with the drives 8. The bottom of the river bed is cleaned by scouring the bottom sediments with a water flowing device directed by the flow of water. If necessary, the flow through the water-resistant device can be strengthened by further lowering the float and thereby reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the water-resistant device, as well as turning the propeller (as in Fig. 2) and intensifying the flow velocity directed to the erosion zone. The washout zone moves forward. The device "drives" the erosion zone in front of it, simultaneously cutting off stranded, unevenness and hillocks of the bottom of the river. Turning the propeller (with the rod-anchors removed) the device can move forward at a small stroke. After passing through the entire chalk to the reach, the device, if necessary, is returned either backward or relocated to another location. For which the anchor bars are removed, the propeller is put in a position that provides the necessary direction of movement, the release of water from the compartments and their filling with air, the device is afloat and moves to a predetermined place at high speed. If it is necessary to extend the fairway to passing vessels, layer by layer in depth and row by row along the width, achieves the desired configuration and cleanliness of the bottom of the river or canal. Possible deepening of the bottom on the lake, bog and other standing ponds. If necessary, the device can additionally be equipped with a set of working manipulation devices (such as excavating bucket, manipulator-lift 9, dredging equipment 10, mower and others), a set of video lighting devices of video cameras (not shown in Fig. , which broadens the functionality of the device as a whole, after which it can be used for dehydration of boron, foundation pits, lakes, shoveling, removal of mud, for the care and cleaning of tailing dumps, for sand mining, gold, sapropel, repair of underwater constructions and communications, search and lifting of sunken objects, cutting reeds and for other purposes.

  4. Thank you for evaluating my ideas.
    In fact, these are just technical solutions backed up by patents. They need experimental design studies.
            Available know-how in the form of know-how. We need partners, cooperation in creating devices and proving the proposed methods. If you have such opportunities, you can create a new direction in hydraulic engineering and get brilliant results.

    Specified address - e-mail does not work

    teshmulu@yahoo.​com

  7. Yes.I have an interest.But experience is only in inventions.There are several patents that require development work.And I am ready for any form of cooperation.
    Да. У меня есть интерес. Но опыт только в изобретениях. Есть несколько патентов, которые требуют опытно-конструкторских работ. И я готов к любой форме сотрудничества.

  8. I most liked Khalidullin's elaboration regarding queries on dam in relation to river flows; also looking at his experience  in mining I am thinking of areas where we could cooperate. Dear Khal please let me know if you have the interest; and here goes my personal e-mail to keep in touch - teshmulu@yahoo.com. 

    Kindly

    3 Comments

    2. Biplab Ketan Paul
      The construction of underground reservoirs is probably more expensive than building dams.The proposed technology of deepening the existing reaches is much cheaper due to the fact that the water itself deepens the bottom of the rivers, leaving bridges - rolling.The resulting pits can store any volumes of water in a dry time.If you have the opportunity to invest, you can test the proposed devices, create a new direction in hydraulics and become a leader in water management.

    3. Teshome Soressa  we are working with ultra poor small holding farmers in India. They survive on rainwater for irrigation and cropping. But in last 10 years the rain pattern is badly erratic. whole years rain falls within 20 days. This causes crop loss, water logging and farmers lose all their rainy period income. In winter and summer they do have water for irrigation. so they lose winter crop. Thus our poor farmers are not able to survive in agriculture. And they are not able to have a single crop either in winter, summer or rainy period. To Answer their needs we have developed an unique process called BHUNGROO. ​It is world bank, USAID, UKAID, UNFCCC ​awarded ​innovation (www.​naireetaservices.​com).

      ​BHUNGROO is trying ​to do following ​services to the farmers- a. ​in excess or ​erratic rain ​period we catch ​hold of those ​plots, which are ​inundated. ​Based upon ​proper ​geophysical ​assessment ​we identify the ​right subsoil ​storage ​locations of excess rainwater. ​then filter ​rainwater and ​store that ​excess ​rainwater ​underground at ​different ​depths. b. in ​winter and ​summer time ​we lift that ​stored water ​and supply that ​water to the ​farmers, who are ​not having any ​irrigation ​facility. Thus those lands which was not able to give any crop in dry season as well as rainy period - we make those lands productive from day one. Will ​love to share ​more.  T; @​BHUNGROO  ​ Skype; ​biplabkp, ​biplabkp@gmail.​com   ​  www.​naireetaservices.​com

  9. No wonder they say that you can not enter into the same river twice. The rivers continuously raise the level of bottom sediments. The movement of water erodes the banks in its continuous flow, but most of the bottom melts in floods, when water washes into the river everything that lies on the coastal territories - loose soil, sand, clay, various objects and masses of waste human activity. These accumulations most of all gather below the settlements, forming underwater dams
          The outflow of water from the coast occurs, mainly, in such places. They are invisible from the land, but the capacity of rivers decreases within and below towns and cities along the current. Therefore, floods and heavy precipitation are flooding with the destruction of buildings, roads and everything else.
               If these submarines are removed, the water outflow from the shores, at least, will move downstream, beyond the boundaries of populated areas.
           It is possible to plan in advance the places of floods and to take them away from habitation and constructions.
           Existing technologies of dredging are based on excavation, bulldozer cleaning, suction and dredging with expensive serial equipment, large financial and material costs. Modern dredgers with a capacity of 100 - 800 kW, as well as their lease are not available to every coastal economy.      

                Developments have been developed that use the forces of the river to form the river bed and river bed, within specified limits, with specified depths for passing ships, with straightening bends, and controlling water flow. There are possibilities of influencing the flow by simplest means. Manufacture and operation of such facilities are available to small coastal farms that suffer from floods, collapse of shores, shallowing of fairways.
            Work to deepen the rolls should be started during and immediately after floods - with strong water movements to prevent floods next year. In the low period, in the summer, the effectiveness of such work is reduced because the water flows in the rivers are decreasing, and some rivers are completely dry.
            The proposed method of influencing bottom sediments by the current itself is based on the constraint and control of part of the stream to influence bottom sediments. Devices change and concentrate river flows, without requiring outside energy. The technological process is carried out by concentrating and directing a part of the stream to pre-selected places of the channel, creating erosion and deposition zones of bottom sediments. Depending on the parameters of the river, the devices are controlled from the shore by cables or supplemented with mobile transport means. Structurally, the devices depend on the thickness of the streams, the width and depth of the river.
              New facilities can affect the bottom and coast without using energy sources. Passive devices made of shields, reinforced and controlled by cable block systems or mobile means, can straighten river beds in pre-designed forms.
           A device has been developed that can stand firmly on the bottom and control the flow of water. A device to change the buoyancy and sail, ensure its free movement on the surface of the water.
              Tests of individual elements of micromodels of the proposed device on small rivers and trays were conducted, which showed the result.
             Design work and tests are needed to test and demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method in full-flow river conditions. The first experience on a natural object can start a widespread deepening of the rifts on all rivers where floods occur and warn them in the near flood.
          The designs of such devices are developed for each type of water body. From shallow rivulets to great rivers, such as the Irtysh, the Urals, the Mississippi and the Amazon.
             The proposed devices can save water from spreading and fumes, narrow deltas, restore shipping.
           To save water for the summer period, it is customary to build reservoirs based on dams and dams. Practice shows that abnormal precipitation leads to the breakthrough of such dams and floods.
            Strategically building reservoirs, by damaging rivers with dams, is a crime against nature and a high risk of flooding when dams are destroyed. To save water in a low water, it is enough to deepen the stretches - the existing depths. Over time, the bottom is filled with silt. To prevent floods and save water in the dry season, it is necessary to deepen the depths all along the river. Deepening to create much more voluminous than natural, up to 200 - 1000%, and also it is possible to expand such places within reasonable limits to the extent possible in each specific place, for example, in floodplains. Thus, it is possible to accumulate the necessary volumes of water in artificially created depressions not only in the upper reaches, but also along the entire river. The proposed devices can perform such works more efficiently than the known dredgers. Perhaps, on some rivers you can t increase bottom filtration. In such rivers it is possible to reduce it by layers of clay.

  10. This is an interesting practice that would help with both issues: https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/12/06/pioneering-practice-could-help-california-reverse-groundwater-depletion

    1 Comment

    1. Rosey Jencks excellent piece. Our world bank and UNFCCC awarded innovation BHUNGROO (www.naireetaservices.com) is trying to do following activities- a. in excess or erratic rain period to catch hold of those plots which are inundated. based upon proper geophysical assessment identify the right subsoil storage locations and then filter rainwater and store that excess rainwater underground at different depths. b. in winter and summer time lift that stored water and supply that water to the farmers who are not having any irrigation facility. Will love to share more.  T; @BHUNGROO   Skype; biplabkp, biplabkp@gmail.com     www.naireetaservices.com

  11. HELLO,

    RAIN IS FORMED IN 7 PHASES, NOT 3.
    New alternative discovery, incredible to realize that we have missed out for centuries, never heard
    -https: //pdf.lu/lsu5/details in one page (EN.FR).
    "lightning + thunder + rain = a single operation" You will find most of what I advance as hypothesis in this message.

    HOW THEN ?

    1- EVAPORATION

    2- DECOMPOSITION of water vapor by photolysis (UVC: ultraviolet ray type C)
    - http: //www.u-helmich.de/bio/lexikon/P/photolyse-wasser.html
    - http: //biologiedelapeau.fr/spip.php word162?
    - www.google.dz / search? Q = photolysis
    hv + H2O → ↖H2 + O↗
    ↖H2 (2/29 = 0.068) and
    O↗ (16/29 = 0.551),
    All 2 lighter than air, they escape at altitude, the lightest will be the highest.

    3- COMPRESSION (ascending and descending air currents - Opposition of 2 mechanical forces).

    4- IONIZATION under the effect of solar radiation, agitation and friction due to compression (all ionizing agents).
    H2 → (2H+) + 2é- (called positive cloud) and
    O + 2 - (called negative cloud).

    5 - EXPLOSIVE SYNTHESIS
    (O + 2é-) + 2H+ → H2O + lightning + thunder (the cloud is born, it is only here that we can speak of condensation).

    compression -explosion- éclair - pluie.png

    6- CONDENSATION

    condensation - rain.jpeg

    7- RAIN.

    The enigma flash + thunder-cloud-rain is solved.
    Algeria-Saida-Hounet
    Tel-mob: (213) 790728135
    horrimok@yahoo.fr

    - If rainwater was formed as we all learned,

    1- it would have rained a lot more during the hot seasons because the evaporation is more important than during the cold seasons.

    2- A dense and permanent fog from the ground to the height of the current clouds would have formed. If you say that water in the gaseous state is invisible, I would say that its decomposition is even more so (final stage).

    3- Why do we expect rain when a thunderstorm is coming (lightning and thunder) if there is not an intimate relationship between lightning, thunder and rain?

  12. River water of a basin can be effectively managed to control floods, mitigate drought conditions and ensure regular water supply. All rivers commonly have high and low flow periods depending on the hydrologic and climatic conditions in their basins. Dams are constructed on a river system to dampen flow extremes and release regulated flow downstream. The extent of exploiting a river source depends on the climate, hydrologic potential of the basin as well as storage capacity of a dam location.  

  13. Multi purposes reservoir(s) can be a good option for flood control as well as a source of water storage for irrigation needs. A dam/series of dams with a good reservoir planning combined with a good watershed management could positively contribute/resolve current issues.

  14. The best way to solve on flood and drought is to ensure that river banks are kept from commercial, industrial and residential activities, in that way, they don’t weaken the soil on the river bank, second, have a good planning on diverting river waters for farming through channels and ensure that these channels mimic natural streams, this will help in controlled flow of river water and there are ancient methods still proven to be effective in storing of water and supply of the same during drought season. 

  15. Usually a lot depends on the size of the watershed which will drain into the dam. Also information on rainfall over as long a time as possible. How large an area can be watered via this dam. This also depends on which crops are grown and how much water is needed.

  18. Dam operation for flood management has some rules just like a rule curve and that must be followed . 

  19. Yes, the Dam can serve the dual purpose if utilized properly

  21. Yes well designed dams can control floods to some extent. Down stream people can still get flooded when the dam operators open the spillways to avoid dam damage. If the dam height is not properly designed to take care of prolonged transpiration, operators often have no choice but open the spillways. 

    Drought management will also depend on the balance the designers considered in terms of water for irrigation, people and the health of the dammed river. A lot depends on how accurate the data used are the data used in dam design. The integrity of the data used in design is critical.

  22. Yes, DAMs help if due attention is given to their  designing  which considers the # of months in  a year evaporation exceeds transpiration in an area where  storage is foreseen as Kevin L. noted , obviously taking into account also issues  associated with the soil- such as the problem of  percolation. But beyond it, expensive though, it is also  good to look into  activities like 'Rivers Training'  I.e. taking structural measures to improve rivers and their banks along  River lines, as potential River bank areas (arable or those suited for grazing)  are on being continuously trimmed of by either over flows or Rivers that deviate from their natural course.

  23. For farmers, low-cost water harvesting solutions might be an alternative to big dam projects.

    Let us share experiences with http://smartcentregroup.com/   The nearest to you might be in Tanzania.

  24. Reading through the responses (most are very good and helpful), I noticed there was only one mention of evaporation and whether evaporation exceeds transpiration throughout the year.  In particularly, how many months in a year evaporation exceeds transpiration at a proposed storage location.  This is a key design criteria and often determines whether a storage should be built at all.  In a situation were evaporation exceeds precipitation and the storage is to be a shallow one, evaporation could remove 2-3 metres from the storage each year to evaporation with this increasing as storage reservoir reduces its volume.  If 90% of the storage capacity is held in the first few metres from the surface, the losses from such a poorly designed storage would render such a structure obsolete with no net gain whatsoever to farmers, the people and state and the cost of building this structure would never be written off against benefit derived.  The only way to help offset this situation is to have good evaporation and precipitation records for extended periods and only select potential structure sites that are suitable.  Regards, Kevin. 

  25. Flood control and water conservation are a multi layered endeavor. The big mistake made here in USA is centralized damming. Large construction projects, disruption of the natural flow of rivers, Slowing down the flow from rapid rivers causing sediment to be deposited at the base of the Dam.  Decentralized rain water collection, home storage, cisterns, planting trees along any and all rivers and creeks. Using all waste to make and use compost. These 2 practices alone have the ability to control hundred year floods and have water at the residential level where it really belongs. Why spend $50 billion on a Dam project when $50 will do the same thing. A dam breaks lost lives and lost money. Home system breaks, nobody dies and you can fix it yourself. California has the worst flood control policies in the entire USA. Their drought is of their own legislative making.

  28. Yes, a dam can help in flood control and supply the local communities with water source during the drought seasons, but construction of dam in the area of interest for Enocka would be feasible or not. As i remember that you need to carry out several studies prior to the construction: such as geo technical studies, rainfall and hydrological study and others. another question is what about the evaporation rates in the area, evaporation leads to lost of huge amount of water from the surface bodies due to high temperature, 

    alternative option you might consider: underground storage tanks (hand digging) , or other underground storage options, this will be like water harvesting systems

    hope these information will help  

  29. Dear Mr. Odongo,

    of course, it can. Depending on the geological formation and groundwater reservoir. With artificial groundwater recharge for example. We did many of those special, nearly maintenance free handled water wells.  For those, you get rid of evaporation gradients and control quantity and quality of your water. We did some of those projects in Mauritania and Mali for agricultural drop irrigation and rural water supply (solar pumps)...

    But please, attention, an infiltration well has different hydraulics and should be designed conform to different parameters, then correct designed water wells (the ration drill diameter to filter screen, gravel pack and a maintenance/ treatment capabilities etc. are mandatory. You can waste a huge bound of money if the wrong laptop-engineers are dealing with. Further questions are appreciated.  

       

  30. As noted by others, well-designed dams can accomplish any or all of four objectives: (1) flood control, (2) irrigation, (3) drought augmentation, and (4) recreation. The design needs to consider all the needs of the population and the climate and geology of the area to best balance these objectives. Much of the effectiveness in drought reduction (also known as "low-flow augmentation" will depend on the topography of the dam inundation area (is it small and deep or large and shallow). This (together with humidity and geologic seepage factors) will determine how effective/economical drought reduction can be. Only a highly-experienced team of consulting engineers, hydrologists, geologists, planners, and economists can adequately evaluate your particular situation. That's why most large dam projects in the 3rd world require external funding for feasibility study, which can be several million dollars. The construction costs can go into the 100s of millions, with additional cost for irrigation canals, hydro-electric plants, etc. It can be a major undertaking, but it can change the lives of thousands or millions of people for the better. There is also a downside to the environment and relocation of indigenous people who must be re-located out of the inundation area.  Good luck. Where is your project?

    1 Comment

    1. Kenya. I have seen the farmers, including my parents suffer for many years. It is a wetland area where they farm rice and arrow roots.

  31. Yes a dam can help in dealing with flood as well as drought with an optimal operational policy. The flood requires allocated empty space to store flood waters but drought requires a buffer storage. The trick would be to keep allocated space empty for moderating floods during flood season but to ensure that some buffer storage is retained for dealing with drought. 

  33. Yes they can survive from this two, by doing the following:

     

    1. Awareness = educating community about the importance of water,

    2. Cater all ages, culture, religion, ethics groups, schools, house to house, road shows,

    3. Comply with legislation of  the country,

    4. Develop a master plan and implement it,

    5. Strict water restrictions, and monitor it regularly, and

    6. Implement water subject at all level with the schools in that country.

  35. while yes a dam can effectively manage water , in some countries like Yemen, Sudan, Somalia and in central Pakistan, farmer communities have organised themselves around hill torrents where they store water in farms and preserve moisture to grow crops by building mud dams before the rainy season begins , they have well developed  byelaws  for access to rain water from torrents and for distribution. for further study please follow the links i am pasting bellow:

    http://www.ais.unwater.org/ais/mod/page/view.php?id=215

    https://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-use/hardware/optimisation-water-use-agriculture/spate-irrigation

     

    In Most of the Pakistan a well developed  barrage system on rivers also divert water into canals to provide irrigation water for farming. please remember that these barrages are not dams , having limited capacity to store water and are built on rivers not hill torrents.

     

  36. As  Lippy has said, it is usual for dams to be designed and operated to fulfill multiple objectives. In such cases it is common practice to develop  set of rules based on past experience. In your specific case, where the concerns are both floods and droughts, a typical solution is to keep the dam only partly full, for flood limitation, during the most of the rainy part of the year and allow it to fill completely toward the end of the rains, to have water for irrigation. This is delicate balancing act; if the rains finish early, the dams are not full for irrigation, if the rains are late the dam could be full during a flood. Kenya also has the added complication of twp rainy seasons in much pf the country. Each case has to be studied based on past experience. It depends on the costs and frequency of flood damage and the value of the irrigated crops.

    1 Comment

  37. In Australia, most storages designed for irrigation and many for urban supply have the dual purpose of both flood and drought control.  These have various amounts of success depending on such criteria as, (1) the size of the storage, (2) the years of average flow to fill that storage, (3) the size of the catchment, (4) rainfall patterns, (5) recurrent intervals to 1 in 100 years storms and (6)intensity, duration and frequency of those storms.  There are other criteria, but understanding that such variables produce a multitude of different possible outcomes also underlines the necessity to engage specialist hydrologic advice with statistical stacastic modeling made available to back up any design.  Please note, any large water storage should have both components for flood and irrigation supply and any storage should not be designed without both as the cost to build such structures is now astronomical.  I am Lippy.  Hear me roar.