Which water treatment disinfectant chemical disinfects all types pathogens in unsafe water?

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Hi All,

Which water treatment disinfectant chemical disinfects all types pathogens in unsafe water?  The water treatment chemical must not leave a harmful residual and should not take the treated water off WHO guideline parameters for safe drinking water.

Regards

Justin

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37 Answers

  1. I may sound like a broken record but ozone is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant.  Used in drinking water for over a hundred years around the world.  It is a molecular form of oxygen.  If the water to be treated is pre-filtered (it may not need to be) then ozone will kill all microbial pathogens and leave no obvious residues.  You can make it in situ; either by electrolysing the water (simple power source eg batteries or PV are enough to provide power), or using a conventional air-fed ozone generator and dissolution device.  I can give you more advice if you need it.

    1 Comment

    1. Negative for ozone is that it does not leave a residual so microbes can regrow. Forget about electrolysis.

      1 Comment reply

      1. Hi Jo.  Absolutely agree with the 'no residual' comment, but the electrolytic method has been commercialised by us and definitely works, I can assure you!  We have even spec'd some systems for small community water projects, although our main market is CIP. Best. Peter

  3. Chlorine is the best effective, inexpensive, readily available, easy to use all around disinfectant. It works for just about everything except cryptosporidia. Fair for Giardia. Water should be filtered to low turbidity .  That will remove crypto and Giardia and will allow most effective use of chlorine. The TOC content determines the DBP production. Low TOC = low DBPs. Ozone is more potent, but it has a lot of drawbacks in costs, need for pretreatment, no disinfectant residual, hard to manage, high energy demand.

  4. Chlorine is the best effective, inexpensive, readily available, easy to use all around disinfectant. It works for just about everything except cryptosporidia. Fair for Giardia. Water should be filtered to low turbidity .  That will remove crypto and Giardia and will allow most effective use of chlorine. The TOC content determines the DBP production. Low TOC = low DBPs. Ozone is more potent, but it has a lot of drawbacks in costs, need for pretreatment, no disinfectant residual, hard to manage, high energy demand.

  5. The most potent disinfectant & yet safe for all flora & fauna; removal of heavy metals is a Herbal Solutions. Contact Mr. Ninad Deshpande ++91 90229 44264 http://www.accede.net.in ninad@accedea.net.in   To know better on this Solution read Sewage Water to Drinking Water - EcoTec Process https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/sewage-water-drinking-ecotec-process-rajesh-menon

  6. Re Rajasegar's comment: THMs are NOT carcinogenic in lifetime  animal studies dosed  in water. Starting with chloroform, they did give tumors is the older rat and mouse studies dosed in corn oil.  This has been known for many years, The last lifetime study on bromodichloromethane in 2006 at 700 mg/L gave NO tumors.  So, the cancers were an artifact of the test  design. WHO Guidelines are based upon non carcinogenicity effects at high doses.

    Many water people are not up to date on the science.

    I am about to publish a study in Dose-Response Journal of bladder cancer incidence in 8 countries since THMs were discovered and regulated- ( I wrote that regulation in the US while at USEPA)-over 40 years. The bladder cancer incidence rate has been flat--no change.   In the US and Canada where THMs are about 1/3 what they were in the 1970's ,

    So, use chlorine judiciously. It's easy, and cheap and it works.

  8. Hi Justin,

    Eventhough many technologies and chemicals are available, Chlorine in the form of liquid or gas is most commonly used for disinfecting drinking water. However trihalomethane which is carcinogenic is produced as byproduct of chlorine. 

    Alternate is co2 gas or UV rays.

     

  12. Mr. Lajul. It is easy to produce chlorine from electrolysis of seawater. The problem is it also produces a lot of bromate from the bromide in teh seawater.

    2 Comments

  13. Chlorine gas administration plenty effectual from the electrolysis of sea water!

  14. Good Afternoon Mr. Nwaogwugwu,

    I note you are located in Nigeria.  As a germicide, the least cost, most effective and most readily available form of disinfection is chlorine.  Chlorination destroys bacteria, virus, protozoa...it is not effective against cysts.

    Additional benefits include chlorine will precipitate iron and manganese and will oxidize tannins and hydrogen sulfide (from naturally ocurring gas and / or dead and dying bacteria).    

    Consult with Mr. Simon Bokor, President Aquathin Ghana http://aquathinghana.com/ and Mr. Gordon Bastiaans, President Aquathin South Africa www.aquathin.co.za .

    Warmest regards,

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  15. Every disinfection system has its drawbacks and you have to decide on what works best for your intake water. Ozone is great, but could lead to bromate violations if you have bromide (if you are required to monitor for bromate). UV is great if you control your turbidity since bacteria can hide in particles. Chlorine is an excellent traditional one, but forms DBPs that you may have to monitor depending on where you are. Disinfection in general will be easier with some sort of pretreatment to reduce the load of organics that can create a demand for disinfectants or affect UV efficacy. A good approach will be to identify the regulations applicable to your area and decide on the best affordable technology.

  16. You Have Four ways to disinfect water

    1- using of Ozone

    2- using of Hydrogen peroxide

    3- UV

    4- Filteration using Filter with pores 0.45 microns (Bacterial filter)

     

    Or you can use the following (I recommend that)

    1-chlorine injection

    2- Carbon filter to remove the Chlorine, smell, taste 

    3- Micron Filter

    4- UV lamp

    5- Ozone

    Then after you fill the bottles or containers with ozonated water leave it for 8 hours to make sure Ozone turns to oxygen and become not harmful 

  20. I would use Ozone.

     

    1 Comment

    1. Dear Daryl!

      I think we need to use some purification systems for water desinfection. For example our ELECTROMAGNETIC MILL AVS-150. The unit operates on the principle of transforming the energy of electromagnetic field into other forms of energy. 

      The units can be efficiently used for

      production of multicomponent emulsiosn and suspensions,

      acceleration of production of finely dispersed mixtures,

      activation of materials both in dry form and dispersed in water,

      leading to improcved properties of resin and decreased vulcanizing time;

      for complete purification of industrial waste water from phenol, formaldehyde, heavy metals, arsenic, cyanides,

      acceleration of heat treatment,

      production of protein material from yeast cells;

      improvement of microbiological stability of food products and activation of yeast in bread baking;

      improvement of crude products and finished products from meat and fish;

      intensification of extraction processes, including production of broth, juice, pectin etc;

      production of suspensions and emulsion of increased microbiological safety in food production without the used of staibilizers and increase of product output.

       

      And also I agree that Ozone disinfection is perfect.

  21. Quantum disinfection - Silecte from Claire technologies is the perfect solution for your disinfection  requirement. This is a non electrical, non chemical , non thermal which kills pathogens instantly when it comes in contact with the media.

  23. Hi Justin Take a look at the following product brilliant  thanks Bruce contact me on bruce@cwp1.co.za also very inexpensive we also have a range of other biological products that we could introduce you to depending on your needs and applications Regards Bruce 

  24. Dear sir,

    Enclosed i send you our report on a live trial we have executed.

    It matches ALL your requirements.

    Key is the unique way we have stabilised our hydrogen peroxide, which makes it 100% biodegradable, free of metals like silver.

    A simple dosing device ads the product to the water.

    Hope to hear from you soon.

  25. Hi. Justin.

    Trust you have picked up the basics to deal with pathogens. Toxins. H2S odour. and create bio remediation etc..

    Its a wide range of remedies.. starting from physical micro nano carbon UV filteration then chemical additions like hypochlorates and softenrs etc.. Finally micto bio remediatn archaea usage .. All the above will give more than the desired effect..One has to evaluate is how costly is it .. 

    W wshs ..Prof Ajit Seshadri. Vels U. Chennai INDIA .. 

     

  27. It is simple. Nothing is perfect but the closest you can get to that is ozone, or UV but they several  have other problems i.e.,  substantial pretreatment requirements, no disinfectant residual, and they are expensive and difficult to operate, so they are not accessible for  many water systems..  Realistically, more than 100 years of experience demonstrate that, chlorine is probably the best all around disinfectant, except for cryptosporidium. However, that is managed by filtration. And chlorine is acccessible, cost effective,  and easy to use for just about every water system. 

    Where are you getting these questions? Are you writing a book or teaching a class?

  28. I apologize for answering your question with pure scientific facts. But there are no 100% effective disinfectants. You will find many opinions of which product or company makes the best of ??? Mainly because all life forms exist within their own parameters. In this case you are focused on their ph. response to the chemical. Adding more does not increase your %.

    The only way to eliminate 100% of pathogens and 100% of all toxins is with microbial intervention. Specifically the RNA microbial group. DNA groups work partially but do not have the proper genetic code to reduce organic compounds into their elemental state.  The species name is Archaea. The biological process is called Bioremediation.  I do understand that chlorine will no longer be required and the cost savings is tremendous. On the positive side 100% of the recycled waste water will be potable and easily be part of a closed system.  No more water shortages anywhere in the world.  

    2 Comments

    1. The information you have requested was done and is currently part of the Dr Carl H. Oppenheimer, (worlds leading microbiologist until his death in 2007.) Estate. The actual data for public consumption is located at The University of Texas in Austin, TX. The old style waste treatment facilities would not be cost effective to rebuild to meet a non chemical protocol. The centralized NEW units are very cost effective. This is classified as extreme cutting edge technology. When you call or visit the UT library they will ask to see your PhD. The basic technology is rooted in quantum mechanics and not easily understood. But the performance pics and reports do make it understandable. Thank you for your question. Information is always free. The world is too degraded for one person to clean it up regardless of how advanced the technology.

  29. We can supply Plasma reactor to remove the most of heavy metals, arsenic, polluted organics 
    odor (H2S) and disinfect all bacteris from 30T/D to 7000 T/D.. perfectly without chemicals ..and drink after active carbon filter .. or some process .. very cheap and very small maintenance cost 
    Catalog : http://www.bbnworld.net/water/awp.pdf  Price : ask bbn@bbnworld.com Frank Choi

  30. According to my knowledge, till now, I would propose Chlorine Dioxide  which is more effective than the widely used Chlorine on elimination of pathogens  does not react with organics, so it's use does not produce chloro-organics (-methane, - Ethan, etc.), is not consumed by organics retaining the full activity on bacteria attacks, and has many other secondary advantages which can be found in literature. 

    The disadvantages of ClO2 is the higher cost comparing to Chlorine, and the need to be produced on site of application with a strictly adjusted dosing system and reactor.  Reagent 's misuse can react explosive. 

    1 Comment

    1. Chlorine dioxide is not a practical solution for killing Cryptosporidium.  To produce a 2 log reduction of oocysts 553 ppm minutes has to be achieved i.e. at 1 ppm of ClO2 the contact time to produce the kill is 553 minutes.  If 0.5 ppm then 1106 minutes is required and this increases the colder the water is.  You are also limited by the combined level of ClO2 chlorate and chlorite of 0.5 ppm.

  31. There is really only one that is both effective and easy to apply. That is chlorine. This can be as gas or hypochlorite addition. It does require effective pre-treatment to make the water suitable for disinfection depending on the raw water. Also a useful oxidant to remove iron and manganese. Needs a contact time with a free chlorine residual at the end, which may then be converted to chloramine to last longer in distribution. Very widely used. The only exception in pathogens would be oocysts such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium for which the effective treatment would be UV to render non infective or membrane filtration to remove. 

  32. Chlorination is usually a safe bet for neutralizing bacterial pathogens.  For parasites, sand filtration is adequate.  Here is an interesting link (http://hwt.co.za/potable-water-treatment/disinfection/).

    Reliability is always key.  This implies readily available stocks and if need be, suitably trained operator staff.  Our operations in RSA often make use of stabilized chlorine pills.  They last for a while and are easy to administer.

    Disinfection is very site specific.

  34. chlorination but there are different chemicals for that.  Some may have a long residual time and others not.  some sand filters with some plant leaves may be OK.  However, It really depends on what are you going to do with the water afterward.

  35. A well design ozone treatment system is your best solution. Yet, I need a water analysis to be absolutely sure