Technologies for River Water Treatment

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We are running a WASH project which is suffering hugely due to lack of water supply.

I ask Water Network members for your advice on simple technological innovations to treat the contaminated water from the river source for urban needs, without having a river plant. 

Which simple and affordable technologies can we implement to treat river water both for drinking and municipal use?

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54 Answers

  1. French l'eau de rivière est souillée par de nombreuses pollutions dont une grande partie, dissoute dans l'eau, est invisible. il est donc impossible de trouver un dispositif d'épuration aussi efficace soit-il qui sera tgrès onéreux de produire une eau consommable. La anture met des années à produire une eau potable chargée en éléments nécessaires pour le développement du Vivant sur terre. produire une eau vide n'apportera rien à la personne qui va la boire, pire mettra sa vie en danger.

    Les eaux de rivière ont un but: se déverser dans un milieu hydraulique naturel chargée d'aluvions. la détourner de cette voie provoquera un déséquilibre biologique de l'écosystème de notre environnement. c'est le cas de la désalinisation de l'eau de mer

    Pour ce genre de proposition, il vaut mieux utiliser les eaux usées après qu'elles aient subies un traitement d'épuration comme il se doit. 

    English

    river water is contaminated by numerous pollutions, a large part of which, dissolved in water, is invisible. it is therefore impossible to find a purification device as efficient as it may be, which will be very expensive to produce consumable water. The Anture takes years to produce drinking water loaded with elements necessary for the development of the living on earth. producing empty water will not bring anything to the person who is going to drink it, worse will be life threatening.

    River waters have a purpose: to flow into a natural hydraulic medium charged with aluvions. diverting it from this path will cause a biological imbalance in the ecosystem of our environment. this is the case with the desalination of sea water

    For this kind of proposal, it is better to use the wastewater after it has undergone a treatment of purification as it should.

     

  3. Hi David,

    Can you describe the WASH project a little bit? Where is it, what is the climate? Why would you want to use polluted river water as a source of water for instance? What is the type of pollution? Is there any possibility to use any other source for potable purposes, e.g. rainwater? Can you introduce UDDTs in order to avoid using water for excreta transport and ultimately most likely further pollute the river? Can you treat the river water to service water quality for laundry and other household purposes (what are other "municipal" water uses?), e.g. in a wetland, which can be implemented at low external cost, most of the investment being work that can be provided locally?

    Also think of closing loops, both water and substances from households, especially nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, even in very decentralised small treatments for households or buildings. Here, too, wetlands can play a role, e.g. wetlands built in small plastic containers of 1 m³ or so to recycle the laundry water. A friend and colleague in India uses the treated water to water his paddy fields on the terrace of his house, which provide 3 harvest and enough rice for a household of three.

    Best regards,
    Martin

  5. this is a short video on a river clean upon Ningbo, China.  done very cheaply by a contractor using biocleaner units.  the water is crystal clear and they saved a lot of money.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkzpUk1qMqU

    as the water is clear, it allows sunlight to penetrate to the bottom of this river and thus photosynthesis can happen and aquatic plants can thrive.   this is a good first step in reviving the ecosystem. 

    no chemicals were used.  

     

    1 Comment

    1. Hi Eros,

      I can confirm that this is a good method of river clean up. The device we use produces 5kg O2 per hour (indepedent testing by University of Southern Queensland in Australia can confirm this) compared to the 3.65 kg O2 per hour of the biocleaner. 

      I am happy to send videos of the unit working in a Chinese river contaminated by industrial waste and price if you are interested in a cost comparison.

      My email is andrew@waterandoilsolutions.com.au

      1 Comment reply

      1. hi Andrew, the 3.6 kgs per hour is for the aeration in a sewage plant.  .  the unit is only 2 hp.

          but we use facultative microbes and what is nice is that as it mixes in the tank there is aerobic zones and anoxic ones and as long as the microbes are mixed, they can break down cod in a very smooth and energy efficient manner,

         

        more importantly, there is no sludge to waste.  no odor.  and we do not use gut microbes,  we use probiotics so the microbiota in the air is healthier.  this new facet of concern for the health of the waste water worker is very important.

         

         

  6. Please send me an email with water sample (if available) or an idea of what contaminants in the water need to be treated and what the standard to be met is.

    andrew@waterandoilsolutions.com.au

    We manufacture and supply a range of innovative technologies for drinking and municipal use in Australia and Asia. A recent project in Australia involves the supply of water to a remote community of 1,000 inhabitants where water from a contaminated river (91 agricultural chemicals) was treated to drinking water quality standards.

    1 Comment

  9. Osmy 3 IN LX are the new water treatment systems with the technology of 'Reverse Osmosis. 

    There are many applications in water treatment, ideal for medium users such as hotel, food industry, chemical industry or manufacturing.  All systems Osmy 3 IN / LX are provided compete with a filter system 20 and 5 micron, metering pump, flow meters, pressure gauges, probes for the conductivity reading.  The management of the various functions of Osmy 3 IN / LX is fully automated using dedicated PLC, many possibilities for programming the various stages of operation, all visible through the LCD. 

    The structure of the system Osmy, is made of stainless steel AISI 304 .

    Price cat 23.000 EURO

    www.paere.eu

    Makes 1800 L/H

     

    Schermafbeelding 2017-07-16 om 11.31.33.png

     

    Schermafbeelding 2017-07-16 om 11.27.24.png

    Answered on by

  10. In an easy way we can change dirty water into drinking water by using soya beans as an absorbent of dirt.It works as coagulant.

    1 Comment

    1. Bonjour 

      Faire une telle affirmation c'est bien mal connaitre la biologie, la Vie et le Vivant.

      MAis non une biodivertsité végétale n'a pas de vocation à épurer les eaux usées. Il absorbera uniquement la pollution diffuse, dissoute, invisible. Tout ce qui est MES restera en l'état.

      En outre le végétal ne pouvant rien faire concernant cette pollution diffuse, il va l'absorber jusqu'à saturation et pourrir. 

      En mourant toute cette pollution retourne dans l'environnement.

      Cela ne donne aucune solution fiable. En outre est ce bien normal d'utiliser de la nourriture en abondance quand tant de gens meurent de faim.?

       

      Hello make such an assertion is well know biology, life and living.

      But not a plant biodivertsite has no vocation to purify wastewater. It will only absorb pollution diffuse, dissolved, invisible. What is my will remain in the State.

      In addition the plant unable to do anything about this pollution broadcasts, it will absorb it until saturation and rot. 

      By dying all this pollution back into the environment.

      This gives no reliable solution. Also is this normal to use food in abundance when so many people are dying of hunger.?

       

       

  12. a very simple way is to limit contamination.  stop dirtying it and it will heal....if its difficult to do that... in situ bioaugmentation and adding mixing is very effective and cheap.

  13. We used riverbank filtration in Dandeli, India as primary filtration. Very effective and inexpensive. Presentation and publication links at amandacording.com. Feel free to reach out if you'd like more details on that system.

    2 Comments

    2. Bonjour 

      le principe de la filtration c'est de retenir. Tout filtre finit par colmater et une dérivation de la pollution solide passe par ailleurs.

      En outre toute la pollution dissoute passe automatiquement c'est plus grave car invisible. Personne n'est en mesure de déterminer les types de pollution qui ont été injectés dans les milieux hydrauliques. 

      A quoi va servir ce liquide filtré? Si il sert à l'approvisionnement en eau potable alors c'est un crime contre l'humanité.

      Hello the principle of filtration is to retain. All filter eventually Plug and a derivation of solid pollution happening also.

      In addition all the dissolved pollution automatically it's more serious because we can't see. No one is able to determine the types of pollution that have been injected in hydraulic circles. 

      What will serve this filtered liquid? If it is used for drinking water supply then it is a crime against humanity.

  14. Life cycle analyses reports reveal membrane filtration system having an edge over conventional designs,particularly when water is scarce and increasingly polluted.

    U can also design cheaper membrane systems,and improve thru research

  15. The water at Ngong River at Mukuru  is a cocktail of industrial waste water and untreated domestic sewage. Solar desalination/distillation is a feasible option for purification of this highly polluted water. Aquabax offers membrane distillation technology that uses solar thermal collectors.

  16. First you have to address the source pollution and identify the catchments, sources of pollution and causes. Then draw up a detailed action plan with technological options and zero in on the tried and tested, most effective and low life cycle cost  (LCC) technologies suitable to the locat2, context and type of influence or waste water characteristics and based on the effluent discharge standards needed based on the end reuse like for agricultural, horticulture, industry etc. Some of the low LCC technologies are SBT, PHYTORID etc.

  19. Dear David, need to know the affluents upriver as well the location of the project. There are very simple way (low cost filtration) that I had implemented in different scenarios in Africa and the southeast Asia... If you can send me the location I'll be able to send you some ideas that I had implemented in the pass...

    Send me a mail and I'll send you what documentation I have...

    Regards

    Gilad

    1 Comment

  22. Hi David,

    Could you let me know what types of filtration you are using so far and what levels of contamination you are dealing with (sediment and clays, etc. as we have developed a simple, filtration material (ARI Material) that is designed to remove particles from water down to 63 Micron at over 30 L/s. 

    Maybe we can help in some way?


    Kind Regards


    Craig UST

    1 Comment

    1. Dear Craig,

      Thank you for your information.We are not doing any filtration yet.The Ngong River water treatment is something that I am thinking about to sustain our WASH Project with regard to water supply.The water is flowing although I do not know the impurities present.I am planning to have the water tested to ascertain the extent of contamination.During rainy season the water is absolutely clean although I suspect it can contain impurities.When it is not raining,the waters are blackish in colour.There are industrial effluents from industries and factories around Mukuru slums.

      Regards,

      David.

  25. I understand this is a project for a rural area somewhere and you need very simple ways to make the water drinkable. How about trying distillation? you heat the water to a certain temperature until it starts evaporating, then the vapor will rise in the vessel and you can collect it and cool it at the top, this would be the simplest way possible.

    1 Comment

    1. Dear Ingvar,

      Thank you for your information.The Ngong River is in an urban context and the water is contaminated with industrial effluents.It is blackish in colour but during rainy season the water are clean although I am not sure if there are contaminants.I am planning to do some water tests to ascertain the level of contamination.

      Regards,

      David.

  26. @Abba Ahmed, We do not know ph and all these other elements that can be found in the water as we have not done any water test.However,I cannot take for granted any idea given by the professionals here even if it means marketing.

    @Robert Remie,thank you for your input and the Blue Box 1800 UF seems like the kind of technology we would consider to treat our water like you said it is easy to deploy.

    The river water is extremely black even though during rainy periods,the water is absolutely clean.However,when it is not raining,the river gets dirty due to industrial effluents from the nearby industries.

    Thank you all for your valuable contributions towards solving our water problems.

    David.

  27. we can offer you a 3 MLD drinking water purification plant from river water @ US $ 125000 + packing + shipping charges & teaching your engineer its operation here in india-for details send me your email address to   om.pune@yahoo.in    balbir singh-india -              tel  +91 9766594544

  28. Electrocoagulation is a good technology for localised and decentralised water treatment,particularly with modern practice for the technology....u can have it in combo with other physico mechanical,and biochemical simple systems,depending on pollution

  30. Dear David,

    We are specialist in treating river water without any infrastructure modification with our cost effective "ABR" Technology. This will produce odorless effluent with low organic matter. We are treating "Mithi River" in Mumbai for last 7 years with very satisfactory results. 

    If you are interested to know details of our technology please send your e-mail address so I'll share details with you.

    Regards

    1 Comment

  32. The most economical method is the treatment on the vortex-wave reactor. Minimal energy consumption will not exceed 0.6 kW/m3 of water after treatment is clear, technically feasible. Depending on the state of water in the river and drinking, because all the harmful fur of impurities and divalent salts oxidize and precipitate after the treatment. Less expensive and fastest cleaning I've ever seen. The production of pure water in real time. Processing speed - as much as you can to pump the pump. At the exit of the reactor ( don't be afraid of this word) - it's just the pipe) - is pure water. If you want to ensure that it will work come show.tumentsev@inbox.ru

    1 Comment

  33. First of all examine the input condition like pH,​turbidity, color, smell, the bacteriologicalcontent.

    With ​such data it ​would be much ​easier for ​anyone ​interested in ​helping in ​my opinion to ​advice on the ​best treatment ​process that ​efficient and ​economically ​feasible. ​

    River water is mainly contaminated by physical and biological impurities consist of Totals suspended solids, turbidity, bacteria, virus, algae etc. which need to remove before supply and distribution of river water for various uses.

    River water treatment is the process of removing contaminants from flowing or stagnant river water which includes physio-chemical treatment of water with the combination of conventional and advance treatment process like

    1.   Coagulation, flocculation,
    2. Clarification, settling,
    3. Filtration
    4. Granulated activated carbon filtration.
    5. Disinfection of filter water
    6. If COD/BOD more, then suggested for biological treatments.

    This process produce an environmentally safe and pure water suitable for drinking and multiple uses in domestic, institution and industrial application.

    1 Comment

    1. This is a very reasonable approach, which has been recommended by other people in this thread, too.

      You may also want to tell us, which volumes you need to treat per day at one location and how many of these systems you are planning to install.

      Your overall approach may also depend on the distribution system you are planning to use. Not least cultural aspects and the region you are working at may influence your choices. These would be further informations needed for a sound advice.

      I am sceptical of those recommendations which just tell you to buy their device without even bothering to ask what you really need.

      Be also aware of the possibility to use different water sources and different levels of treatment for different purposes. You'll certainly need potable water quality for drinking, cooking and dish washing, i.e. a minimum of 10 l/(c.d), you could be satisfied with service water of lesser quality (bathing water) for hygiene, laundry or toilet flushing, if you consider the latter at all. This could be recycled water or rainwater, if you have enough rainfall, or any other source. Don't neglect the potential of UDDT toilets to both save water and produce a valuable fertiliser.

  34. David.......you must use a couple of large settling tanks first, into those tanks you would add our 100% organic solution, SOLUTEK. Inlet to tanks needs to be filtered at about 60 to 100 microns. Once water has an average residency time of 7 days it will be relatively clean.....then there are several ways to go...either filter again at 3 to 4 microns and use UV sanitation of filter at .03 microns and it will be perfect to drink. It all depends on just how far you want to go. If you ony filter once and users can boil the water for 8 mins. it will be safe.

    Email me if you wish, we have people in Africa. pettman@soleco-technology.com

    Hugh.

  35. For any river water, for mass application of water treatment, Coagulation, flocculation, Settling/Clarification, Filtration and Sterilization unit processes are a MUST. The best read if I recommend you is "Surface Water Treatment for Communities in Developing Countries" by Schulz and Okun ( A WASH Project Product). The state of Maharashtra in India has constructed hundreds of "Simplified Plants" for capacities ranging from 0.5 to 10 mld. They consist of Cascade Aerator, Pebble bed/Mechanical flocculator, Tube Settlers with hopper bottom, Rapid Sand/Dual media filters without Rate Controllers and Chlorination by Bleaching Powder. The plants are found to be sustainable under the present socio-economic-techno environment in India. 

  36. Sand filtration and chlorination should work in most cases unless the river water has toxic chemical pollutants i.e., ammonia, heavy metals, pesticides and/or fertilisers. In the latter case, try rainwater harvesting. The capital costs of sand filtration + chlorination aren't astronomical. A lot depends on how you plan to distribute water as pipelines cost more than the treatment plants themselves. If you are distributing treated water you need a centralised facility but otherwise household or small community sized treatment systems using the same combination are possible at low cost.

  37. My company- Lighthouse Utility Solutions, Inc. has developed a system that can reclaim ANY dirty water flow and produce distilled water- WHILE it is producing power.

    I do not know what level of flow you desire, but am confident that we can provide a system that can meet your needs.

    The system produces an output that is about 10% higher than the input, so it can easily "flush out" any solids from the incoming flow while maintaining "full" capacity.

  38. I have to agree with Abba and Gunther. There is no single "technology" that is going to manage this for you. You need to first determine what the raw quality is and from that you can determine where you want, or need to be based on local regulations. Gunther lays it out quite clear. Surface sources are never easy as they are never consistent, micro pollutants, organics, pathogens, distribution systems, disinfection by products this all needs to be considered. It takes time and planning, which if done well in the end will produce the most cost effective solution.

  39. Mr. Kimani,

    Every little advice you get with the current question you posed will not suffice in my opinion. It could either be Marketers,  marketing a product or a hypothetical answer.  Having said that, however, there is need for you to at least provide some sort of information about the raw  water quality you're planning to treat for instance the turbidity, color, smell, taste if possible, P.h. and perhaps the bacteriological content. With such data it would be much easier for anyone interested in helping in my opinion to advice on the best treatment process that efficient and economically feasible.

    1 Comment

  41. David Kimani,

    This unit has a daily capacity of 43200 litres per day, giving 5 litres of drinking water for 8640 people, or 2160 pcs 20 L bottles.
     

    BlueBox 1800 UF is an all inclusive water purification unit delivering an impressive 1800 l/h / 480 gphr. A true workhorse that will reliably deliver clean drinking water for many years. This unit has been field tested by several international organisations in applications such as disaster relief and even permanent installations. The BlueBox 1800UF has proven itself time and again.

    www.paere.eu 

    • Plug in 230V and start clean drinking water production
    • 3 X pre-filtration, Ultrafiltration and UV light
    • High output
    • Small footprint
    • Easy to deploy
    1800-crop-u708825.png

    Answered on by

  42. Without a substantial water analysis, it´s not easy to suggest you a simple solution. Normally we use for river water or lateral storage water the following simple solution

    1. sand trap / sedimentation
    2. aeration
    3. filtration step 1 with gravel or sand filter  
    4. filtration step 2 with activated carbon filter
    5. disinfection

    For more information please feel free to contact me directly.  

  45. Depending on the river bed geology, the river bed can be used as an extremely effective and natural filter, The abstracted sub river bed water is immediately available for human consumption and numerous other applications. Our technology, TELESIS, is designed for this application. Please feel free to contact me on ron.daniel@composium-group.com for further details.

  46. As you said the river water is contaminated we should evaluate its characteristics and then accordingly we need to treat. If it is in the downstream then alkalinity may be one of the problem which can be treated with gypsum. I have developed one Water Quality Index to identify the suitability of water for potable and irrigation use based on National Standards. This tool will help you to identify the contaminants and then accordingly you can treat the same. 

    1 Comment

    1. Mausumi, this is interesting. Do you have a public version?

  48. Please test the river water for ss, tds, color, hardness etc.,. If you provide these details then you will get lot of help. Also collect the samples only in a continuous flow.

     

  49. You can check out what we did at Safe Water and AIDS Project . The Global Giving Link takes you to a project whereby we are drawing water from river Sondu in Western Kenya and through gravity it is filtered using Skyhydrant Filtration after which it is sold to the communities.

    Link to SWAP’s website:  http://www.swapkenya.org

    https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/sondu-water-enterprise/

    1 Comment

    1. Dear Alie,

      Thank you for your information and the link.I wonder if it would work with an Urban contaminated River waters? The Ngong River is at the heart of Mukuru Slums where some of the effluents are from factories and industries.I am planning on water testing of the Ngong river waters to know more about the impurities that may be present and to what extent.

      Regards.

      David.

  50. Bonjour C'est incroyable qu'aujourd'hui des gens sensés responsables de vie d'une communauté puissent venir chercher sur un forum une ou des réponses à une telle problématique. Cec i s'approche tout simplement de l'inconscience de la Vie sur terre.

    Si la rivière est polluée c'est qu'en amont tout le monde a fait ce que votre communauté va faire: rejeter les eaux consommées/utilisées/souillées dans cette rivière sans qu'elles aient au préalable été épurée.

    Les pollutions qui ont contaminé cette rivière:

    Les animaux, le ruissellement pluvial, la pollution humaine, la pollution industrielle, la pollution accidentelle, la pollution intentionnelle.

    Il me semble que cela fait beaucoup de composants pollueurs à déterminer avant une éventuelle épuration. C'est là que je bannis le mot traitement qui aujourd'hui parle de tout et de rien. Qu'est ce qu'un traitement? traitement médical, traitement de texte, traitement d'épuration. 

    En fonction du traitement il faudra alors détailler l'outil de traitement. Ces capacités de traitement, ces résultats, ces performances, etc. 

    Puis chaque traitement devra cibler une pollution, oui mais laquelle? Excréments d'animaux, excréments humains, eaux usées domestiques, lessiviels, le biochimique, le chimique. 

    Ce qu'il faut savoir c'est qu'à ce jour il n'existe aucun dispositif MIRACLE capable de résoudre une telle problématique. Que des gens désignés pour gérer une communauté ne soient pas en connaissance de tels données me laisse sans voix.

    Ensuite il pourra être déterminé l'objectif de l'utilisation de cette eau. Mais comment le gérant, le responsable, l'élu peut-il assurer à ses administrés que la pollution en amont est toujours la même? comment peut-il assurer que cette eau est consommable, potable?

    Ce qu'il faut savoir, c'est que la pollution ne se limite pas à la matière flottante, visible, il y a la pollution dissoute, invisible, toxique, et celle là elle est plus grave. Un élu est-il autorisé à  contaminer toute sa population uniquement sur l'idée d'un approvisionnement sans garantie?

    Une eau potable ne devient pas potable sur un simple coup de baguette magique. Le cycle de nettoyage/potabilité d'une goutte d'eau souillée est long, il passe par de nombreuses phases avant d'arriver au stade ultime de potabilité.

    En pompant l'eau de la rivière polluée vous pouvez faire du recyclage de nettoyage uniquement avec le risque de contaminer les zones nettoyées et qu'un jour cette contamination se retrouve dans l'assiette d'un habitant.

    On est dans la configuration de crime contre l'humanité. La seule solution c'est déjà d'avoir des actions sur les possibles causes de contamination et de les éliminer. Mais là on est dans un schéma général de connaissance/ suppression des risques de santé de la population. 

     

    Hello this is amazing that today ' hui responsible for sensible people of life of a community can pick up on a forum or answers to such problems. CEC i simply approached the unconsciousness of the life on Earth.  If the river is polluted it is upstream everyone did what your community will do: reject water consumed/used/stained in this river unless they have first been purified.

    Pollution that have contaminated the river

    Animals, rain runoff, human pollution, industrial pollution, accidental pollution, intentional pollution.  It seems to me that's a lot of polluting to determine before an eventual cleansing components. This is where I banish the word treatment who today talks about everything and nothing. What is treatment? medical treatment, processing, purification treatment.  Depending on the treatment then detail the processing tool. These processing capabilities, these results, performance, etc. Then each treatment should target pollution, Yes, but why? Excreta from animals, human waste, wastewater, detergent, the biochemical, chemical. What to know is that so far there was no MIRACLE device capable of solving such problems. People appointed to manage a community be s pa in knowledge of such data leaves me speechless. Then it can be determined the purpose of the use of this water. But how can the owner, the Manager, the one provide to their constituents that the pollution upstream is always the same? How can he ensure that this water is consumable, drinking?

    What ' l need to know is that pollution is not limited to floating, visible matter, there is dissolved, invisible, toxic pollution, and that it is more serious. Is an elected official allowed to contaminate its entire population only on the idea of a supply without warranty?A drinking water becomes undrinkable on just one magic wand. Nettoyage.potabilite of a soiled water drop cycle is long, it passes through many phases before arriving at the final stage of potability.

    By pumping water from the polluted river you can do recycling of cleaning only with the risk of contaminating the cleaned areas and that someday this contamination is found in the base of a resident. It is in the configuration of a crime against humanity. The only solution has already to have actions on the possible causes of contamination and eliminate them. But here we are in a general pattern of knowledge / removal of population health risk. 

    1 Comment

    1. En principe vous avez raison. Nous devrions depuis longtemps avoir installé des unités de gestion de bassins versants performants partout, qui guarantissent la sauvegarde de notre ressource eaux depuis la source jusqu'à l'embouchure d'un cours d'eaux pour toutes les utilisations imaginables, humaines et naturelles.

      La réalité n'en est pas encore là et nous dépendons donc, même dans des pays bien adiministrés et suffisamment riches pour pratiquement tout se permettre, de traitements d'eau de surface polluée en amont afin de la rendre potable plus en aval. Il n'y a qu'à voir la plupart des fleuves européens, seul source d'eau en quantité suffisante pour les habitants des zones basses de leur bassins versants respectifs. Les ingénieurs ont recours à des passages sousterrains, des traitements par charbon actif etc., un monitoring biologique (poissons, crabes...) les avertissant de tout danger éventuel, afin de protéger les populations servies d'accidents éventuels.

  51. Greetings. We can provide a full solution. We already address many water facilities...lakes.. rivers  and treatment sites in the GCC and Asia. 

    Dubai based.  BUT with offices in India Pakistan Egypt Saudi Greece and projects across Africa and Asia

    You musnt chlorinate. Kills the ecology. It's impractical to use filtration for a river. 

    Email me and we can open a discussion providing a scaled set of options. Afordable and realistic. The technology derives from Russian R&D from the 70s and 80s. 

    My initial email to use is soluzioninfo@aol.com

    We are scientists. I am also an independent DRR consultant.

    Garry.

    Ps. We have been brought in to advise and propose on the Ganges plus several significant lakes of kms length in India and Pakistan. Then are waking up. Water now is vital for all urbanisation and food security. 

  52. Depending on the quality of the water and how turbid it is, sedimentaion and chlorination for mass water can be done, serve for specilised water

  53. Hi David

    Depending on the turbidity of your raw water, one could consider slow sand filtration. If the turbidity is higher than 2 NTU, one can consider using roughing filters upstream of the slow sand filter.  This provides quite an easily maintainable treatment system.

  54. Dear David

    We can help you in this regards.

    We manufacture WTP plant in UAE and can provide you a suitable solution.

    The report you attached is not complete. Pls. send us the complete report at info@waterengrs.com 

    also visit our web site www.waterengrs.com for more details.