Questions & Answers

Bottled Drinking Water pH

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Is there any way to increase the pH of water to 9 while maintaining TDS at 30 in mineral water? How can this be done after reverse osmosis? Which technology or ...

Academic Potable Drinking Water Security Drinking Water Treatment Drinking Water Managment Drinking Water Bottled Water Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

Estimating the Change in Groundwater Parameters

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I am part of a team trying to investigate the quality of ground water in one of the states in Nigeria via physicochemical and bacteriological parameters' ...

Technology Groundwater Data Management Test & Measurement Water Monitoring Geospatial Information Systems Analysis & Visualization Hydrological Modelling Geomatic Geotechnology & Geoinformatics Groundwater Assessment Groundwater Quality & Quantity

Increasing Hardness of RO Permeate

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We are implementing an RO system to reduce the TDS of a borehole supply for an industrial client. The client, however, has a requirement for the hardness to ...

Technology Treatment Methods Chemical Treatment RO Systems Water Treatment & Control Industrial Water Treatment Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Solutions Industrial Water Treatment

Streamflow Drought Index Calculation

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I am helping some students with their environmental projects. How is the streamflow drought index (SDI) calculated? I see there are many methods online but ...

Academic Hydrology Ecohydrology Hydrological Modelling Environment Drought Hydrogeology Environment Evaluation Hydrology Hydrological Modelling Hydrology Cycle

Chlorine Dose for Industrial Water

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How can I calculate the right dose of chlorine in an industrial water tank? This water is treated to become drinking water.  Is there a formula in which I can ...

Academic Drinking Water Security Decontamination Drinking Water Treatment Industrial Water Treatment Purification Chlorination Industrial Water Treatment Water Purification

Chemicals to Reduce the Odour of STP Grey Water

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Which chemicals can I use to reduce the bad odour from sewage treatment plant (STP) treated water?  The STP has a pond with 80 m3 capacity for storing treated ...

Academic Chemical Treatment Sewage Treatment Algaecides Wastewater Treatment Algae Sewage Algae Treatment

Horizontal Air Sparging Design

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How can I calculate the air flow needed in horizontal air sparging (for clay for example)?   All the information I found is about recommended flows for ...

Academic Soil Groundwater Groundwater Assessment Groundwater Pollution Soil & Water Assessment Tools Soil Management water treatment

Extracting and Reusing Metals from Mining

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Is it possible to recycle and reuse extracted metal from mining wastewater?  Is there a material which can act as a coagulant, flocculant or act as a porous ...

Academic Heavy Metal Removal Industrial Wastewater Treatment Industrial Water Treatment Industrial Water Treatment Industrial Water Managment Mining Development Metals Heavy metals

Algaecide Overdosing in a Pond

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I have a pond of 3.5 m2 with Koi fish and a problem with algae so I would like to calculate the correct algecide dose for my pond. How is the amount of ...

Academic Algaecides Environment Aquifer Algae Lake Management Aquatic Environment Algae Treatment Environment